Literature DB >> 26958393

Crystal structure of trans-(1,8-dibutyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexa-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κ(4) N (3),N (6),N (10),N (13))bis-(isonicotinato-κO)nickel(II) determined from synchrotron data.

Jong Won Shin1, Dae-Woong Kim1, Dohyun Moon1.   

Abstract

The title compound, [Ni(C6H4NO2)2(C16H38N6)], was prepared through self-assembly of a nickel(II) aza-macrocyclic complex with isonicotinic acid. The Ni(II) atom is located on an inversion center and exhibits a distorted octa-hedral N4O2 coordination environment, with the four secondary N atoms of the aza-macrocyclic ligand in the equatorial plane [average Ni-Neq = 2.064 (11) Å] and two O atoms of monodentate isonicotinate anions in axial positions [Ni-Oax = 2.137 (1) Å]. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between one of the secondary amine N atoms of the aza-macrocyclic ligand and the non-coordinating carboxyl-ate O atom of the anion stabilize the mol-ecular structure. Inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, as well as π-π inter-actions between neighbouring pyridine rings, give rise to the formations of supra-molecular ribbons extending parallel to [001].

Entities:  

Keywords:  aza­macrocyclic ligand; crystal structure; isonicotinic acid; synchrotron data; π–π inter­actions

Year:  2016        PMID: 26958393      PMCID: PMC4770951          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016001031

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

The mol­ecular design and synthesis of coordination polymers with macrocyclic ligands have attracted considerable attention because of their potential applications in chemistry, environmental chemistry, and materials science (Churchard et al., 2010 ▸; Lehn, 2015 ▸). To obtain specific mol­ecular compounds through assembly of supra­molecular building blocks with properties such as guest recognition or catalytic effects, macrocyclic complexes involving vacant sites in an axial position are good candidates. Moreover, these complexes can also be easily derivatized by carb­oxy­lic acid moieties, such as 1,3,5-BTC (1,3,5-benzene­trcarb­oxy­lic acid), 2,7-NDC (2,7-naphthalenedi­carb­oxy­lic acid) or 1,3,5-CTC (1,3,5-cyclo­hexa­netrcarb­oxy­lic acid), forming inter­esting coordination compounds with supra­molecular structures ranging from chains to networks (Min & Suh, 2001 ▸; Shin et al., 2016b ▸). For example, [Ni(L,)]3[BTC3–]2·12H2O·CH3CN (L, = 1,8-bis­[(R)-α-methyl­benz­yl]-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexa­aza­cyclo­tetra­deca­ne) displays a two-dimensional supra­molecular network structure and exhibits a selective chiral recognition for racemic material (Ryoo et al., 2010 ▸). Isonicotinic acid as another building unit can easily bind or inter­act with transition metal ions through its possible bridging or coordination modes associated with the carb­oxy­lic group and pyridine moieties, respectively, thus allowing the assembly of compounds with supra­molecular structures or the formation of heterometallic complexes (Xie et al., 2014 ▸). Here, we report on the synthesis and crystal structure of an NiII aza­macrocyclic complex including isonicotinate anions, [Ni(C6H4NO2)2(C16H38N6)], (I).

Structural commentary

Compound (I) is isotypic with its copper(II) analogue (Shin et al., 2015 ▸). The nickel(II) atom is located on an inversion center. The coordination environment around the nickel(II) atom is distorted octa­hedral with the four secondary amine N atoms of the aza­macrocyclic ligand in the equatorial plane and two O atoms of two monodentate isonicotinate anions in axial positions (Fig. 1 ▸). The average Ni—Neq bond lengths is 2.064 (11) Å and the Ni—Oax bond length is 2.137 (1) Å. The longer axial bonds can be attributed to a ring contraction of the aza­macrocyclic ligand (Melson, 1979 ▸). The six-membered NiC2N3 ring (Ni1–N1–C2–N3–C3–N2) adopts the expected chair conformation, whereas the five-membered NiC2N2 ring (Ni1–N1–C1–C4–N2) has a gauche conformation (Min & Suh, 2001 ▸). Since the carboxyl­ate group is fully delocalized, the two C—O bonds and the bond angle (O1—C9—O2) are 1.267 (2), 1.248 (2) Å and 126.9 (2)°, respectively. The bond angles around the nickel(II) atom are in the normal range for an octa­hedral complex. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between one of the secondary amine groups of the aza­macrocyclic ligand and the non-coordinating carboxyl­ate O atom of the isonicotinate anion form six-membered rings and stabilize the mol­ecular structure (Fig. 1 ▸, Table 1 ▸).
Figure 1

View of the mol­ecular structure of the title compound, showing the atom-labelling scheme, with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level. H atoms bonded to C atoms have been omitted for clarity. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are shown as red dashed lines. [Symmetry code: (i) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1.]

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯O21.001.982.892 (2)150
N2—H2⋯N4i 1.002.233.143 (2)151

Symmetry code: (i) .

Supra­molecular features

The N4 atom of the isonicotinate anion forms an inter­molecular hydrogen bond with an adjacent secondary amine group of the aza­macrocyclic ligand (Fig. 2 ▸, Table 1 ▸) (Steed & Atwood, 2009 ▸). In addition, parallel pyridine rings (Hunter & Sanders, 1990 ▸) of the isonicotinate anions participate in π–π inter­actions with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.741 (1) Å and an inter­planar separation of 3.547 (1) Å. The inter­play between hydrogen bonds and π–π inter­actions give rise to the formation of supra­molecular ribbons extending parallel to [001].
Figure 2

View of the crystal packing of the title compound, showing hydrogen bonds and π–π inter­actions (red: intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, green: inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, black: π–π inter­actions).

Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.36, May 2014 with 3 updates; Groom & Allen, 2014 ▸) reveals two complexes with the same nickel(II) aza­macrocyclic building block (Kim et al., 2015 ▸) for which synthesis, FT–IR spectroscopic data and the crystal structure have been reported.

Synthesis and crystallization

The starting complex, [Ni(C16H38N6)(ClO4)2], was prepared in a slightly modified procedure with respect to the reported method (Kim et al., 2015b ▸). To an aceto­nitrile solution (14 mL) of [Ni(C16H38N6)(ClO4)2] (0.298 g, 0.52 mmol) was slowly added an aceto­nitrile solution (8 mL) containing isonicotinic acid (0.128 g, 1.04 mmol) and excess tri­ethyl­amine (0.12 g, 1.20 mmol) at room temperature. The purple precipitate was filtered off, washed with aceto­nitrile and diethyl ether, and dried in air. Single crystals of compound (l) were obtained by layering of the aceto­nitrile solution of isonicotinic acid on the aceto­nitrile solution of [Ni(C16H38N6)(ClO4)2] for several days. Yield: 0.167 g (52%). FT–IR (ATR, cm−1): 3145, 3075, 2951, 2920, 1571, 1457, 1351, 1272, 1014, 915. Safety note: Although we have experienced no problems with the compounds reported in this study, perchlorate salts of metal complexes are often explosive and should be handled with great caution.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. All H atoms were placed in geometrically idealized positions and constrained to ride on their parent atoms, with C—H distances of 0.95 (ring H atoms) or 0.98–0.99 Å (open-chain H atoms), and an N—H distance of 1.0 Å, with U iso(H) values of 1.2 or 1.5U eq of the parent atoms.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula[Ni(C6H4NO2)2(C16H38N6)]
M r 617.44
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P
Temperature (K)100
a, b, c (Å)8.0630 (16), 8.5110 (17), 10.927 (2)
α, β, γ (°)80.52 (3), 88.26 (3), 86.44 (3)
V3)738.0 (3)
Z 1
Radiation typeSynchrotron, λ = 0.62998 Å
μ (mm−1)0.51
Crystal size (mm)0.01 × 0.004 × 0.004
 
Data collection
DiffractometerADSC Q210 CCD area detector
Absorption correctionEmpirical (HKL-3000SM SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997)
T min, T max 0.995, 0.998
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections7634, 3879, 3326
R int 0.023
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.696
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.040, 0.110, 1.04
No. of reflections3879
No. of parameters188
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)1.12, −0.95

Computer programs: PAL BL2D-SMDC (Shin et al., 2016 ▸ a), HKL-3000SM (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997 ▸), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ▸), SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015b ▸), DIAMOND (Putz & Brandenburg, 2014 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016001031/wm5263sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016001031/wm5263Isup2.hkl CCDC reference: 1447865 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
[Ni(C6H4NO2)2(C16H38N6)]Z = 1
Mr = 617.44F(000) = 330
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.389 Mg m3
a = 8.0630 (16) ÅSynchrotron radiation, λ = 0.62998 Å
b = 8.5110 (17) ÅCell parameters from 20128 reflections
c = 10.927 (2) Åθ = 0.4–33.6°
α = 80.52 (3)°µ = 0.51 mm1
β = 88.26 (3)°T = 100 K
γ = 86.44 (3)°Needle, pale pink
V = 738.0 (3) Å30.01 × 0.004 × 0.004 mm
ADSC Q210 CCD area-detector diffractometer3326 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: PLSII 2D bending magnetRint = 0.023
ω scanθmax = 26.0°, θmin = 2.5°
Absorption correction: empirical (using intensity measurements) (HKL-3000SM SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997)h = −11→11
Tmin = 0.995, Tmax = 0.998k = −11→11
7634 measured reflectionsl = −15→15
3879 independent reflections
Refinement on F20 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.040H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.110w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0649P)2 + 0.1918P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.04(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
3879 reflectionsΔρmax = 1.12 e Å3
188 parametersΔρmin = −0.95 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Ni10.50000.50000.50000.02066 (10)
O10.43513 (15)0.41029 (17)0.33736 (11)0.0257 (3)
O20.18613 (16)0.52908 (19)0.28022 (12)0.0322 (3)
N10.27809 (18)0.6311 (2)0.50735 (13)0.0244 (3)
H10.21710.62760.42960.029*
N20.61452 (18)0.67953 (19)0.38249 (13)0.0241 (3)
H20.57980.67660.29590.029*
N30.3946 (2)0.8835 (2)0.41256 (14)0.0304 (3)
N40.3686 (2)0.2837 (2)−0.09149 (14)0.0335 (4)
C10.1835 (2)0.5457 (3)0.61221 (15)0.0276 (4)
H1A0.06420.58070.60570.033*
H1B0.22420.56920.69150.033*
C20.3004 (2)0.8006 (2)0.51521 (16)0.0296 (4)
H2A0.18950.85660.51920.036*
H2B0.35740.80580.59330.036*
C30.5703 (2)0.8414 (2)0.41070 (18)0.0308 (4)
H3A0.61530.84930.49260.037*
H3B0.62490.92020.34800.037*
C40.7938 (2)0.6330 (3)0.39084 (16)0.0280 (4)
H4A0.83760.65720.46890.034*
H4B0.85520.69320.32030.034*
C50.3160 (2)0.9034 (2)0.29077 (17)0.0310 (4)
H5A0.29830.79680.27000.037*
H5B0.39220.95750.22690.037*
C60.1502 (3)0.9999 (3)0.28701 (18)0.0341 (4)
H6A0.07270.94470.34930.041*
H6B0.16711.10580.30930.041*
C70.0730 (3)1.0223 (3)0.15954 (19)0.0390 (5)
H7A0.15271.07260.09660.047*
H7B0.05070.91660.13900.047*
C8−0.0882 (3)1.1257 (4)0.1543 (2)0.0502 (6)
H8A−0.16921.07390.21400.075*
H8B−0.13281.13950.07050.075*
H8C−0.06671.23020.17500.075*
C90.3163 (2)0.4477 (2)0.26295 (15)0.0235 (3)
C100.4760 (2)0.2978 (3)0.10910 (16)0.0294 (4)
H100.56310.26910.16660.035*
C110.3367 (2)0.3884 (2)0.13963 (14)0.0234 (3)
C120.2134 (2)0.4252 (3)0.05120 (16)0.0300 (4)
H120.11580.48740.06760.036*
C130.2347 (2)0.3703 (3)−0.06044 (17)0.0339 (4)
H130.14860.3957−0.11910.041*
C140.4868 (2)0.2496 (3)−0.00601 (17)0.0340 (4)
H140.58380.1887−0.02560.041*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Ni10.01767 (15)0.03464 (19)0.00987 (14)0.00142 (11)−0.00201 (9)−0.00504 (11)
O10.0246 (6)0.0412 (7)0.0122 (5)0.0012 (5)−0.0054 (4)−0.0073 (5)
O20.0235 (6)0.0543 (9)0.0207 (6)0.0047 (6)−0.0043 (5)−0.0139 (6)
N10.0225 (7)0.0384 (8)0.0122 (6)0.0027 (6)−0.0022 (5)−0.0048 (6)
N20.0227 (7)0.0355 (8)0.0142 (6)0.0007 (6)−0.0016 (5)−0.0049 (6)
N30.0338 (8)0.0354 (9)0.0209 (7)0.0055 (7)−0.0018 (6)−0.0041 (7)
N40.0344 (8)0.0525 (11)0.0148 (6)0.0002 (7)−0.0027 (6)−0.0091 (7)
C10.0186 (7)0.0485 (11)0.0149 (7)0.0026 (7)0.0012 (5)−0.0052 (7)
C20.0331 (9)0.0384 (10)0.0169 (8)0.0078 (8)−0.0008 (6)−0.0068 (7)
C30.0339 (9)0.0350 (10)0.0240 (8)−0.0011 (7)−0.0018 (7)−0.0063 (8)
C40.0205 (8)0.0460 (11)0.0173 (7)−0.0038 (7)0.0002 (6)−0.0043 (7)
C50.0376 (10)0.0345 (10)0.0188 (8)0.0059 (8)−0.0014 (7)−0.0011 (7)
C60.0356 (10)0.0414 (11)0.0227 (9)0.0064 (8)−0.0008 (7)−0.0009 (8)
C70.0394 (11)0.0506 (13)0.0243 (9)0.0048 (9)−0.0033 (7)−0.0006 (9)
C80.0400 (12)0.0733 (18)0.0320 (11)0.0119 (11)−0.0033 (9)0.0018 (11)
C90.0213 (7)0.0366 (9)0.0128 (7)−0.0044 (6)−0.0018 (5)−0.0040 (6)
C100.0258 (8)0.0468 (11)0.0160 (7)0.0028 (7)−0.0044 (6)−0.0071 (7)
C110.0222 (7)0.0365 (9)0.0119 (7)−0.0038 (7)−0.0016 (5)−0.0047 (7)
C120.0257 (8)0.0484 (11)0.0158 (7)0.0020 (8)−0.0044 (6)−0.0062 (8)
C130.0307 (9)0.0562 (13)0.0157 (8)0.0009 (8)−0.0073 (6)−0.0085 (8)
C140.0306 (9)0.0534 (12)0.0186 (8)0.0056 (8)−0.0017 (7)−0.0106 (8)
Ni1—N1i2.0559 (16)C3—H3B0.9900
Ni1—N12.0559 (16)C4—C1i1.526 (3)
Ni1—N22.0720 (17)C4—H4A0.9900
Ni1—N2i2.0720 (17)C4—H4B0.9900
Ni1—O1i2.1371 (13)C5—C61.523 (3)
Ni1—O12.1372 (13)C5—H5A0.9900
O1—C91.2669 (19)C5—H5B0.9900
O2—C91.248 (2)C6—C71.521 (3)
N1—C11.471 (2)C6—H6A0.9900
N1—C21.481 (3)C6—H6B0.9900
N1—H11.0000C7—C81.521 (3)
N2—C41.477 (2)C7—H7A0.9900
N2—C31.481 (3)C7—H7B0.9900
N2—H21.0000C8—H8A0.9800
N3—C31.440 (3)C8—H8B0.9800
N3—C21.444 (2)C8—H8C0.9800
N3—C51.471 (2)C9—C111.516 (2)
N4—C131.336 (3)C10—C141.384 (3)
N4—C141.340 (2)C10—C111.386 (3)
C1—C4i1.526 (3)C10—H100.9500
C1—H1A0.9900C11—C121.393 (2)
C1—H1B0.9900C12—C131.379 (3)
C2—H2A0.9900C12—H120.9500
C2—H2B0.9900C13—H130.9500
C3—H3A0.9900C14—H140.9500
N1i—Ni1—N1180.0H3A—C3—H3B107.6
N1i—Ni1—N285.97 (6)N2—C4—C1i108.14 (15)
N1—Ni1—N294.03 (6)N2—C4—H4A110.1
N1i—Ni1—N2i94.03 (6)C1i—C4—H4A110.1
N1—Ni1—N2i85.97 (6)N2—C4—H4B110.1
N2—Ni1—N2i180.0C1i—C4—H4B110.1
N1i—Ni1—O1i93.29 (6)H4A—C4—H4B108.4
N1—Ni1—O1i86.71 (6)N3—C5—C6112.79 (16)
N2—Ni1—O1i92.90 (6)N3—C5—H5A109.0
N2i—Ni1—O1i87.10 (6)C6—C5—H5A109.0
N1i—Ni1—O186.71 (6)N3—C5—H5B109.0
N1—Ni1—O193.29 (6)C6—C5—H5B109.0
N2—Ni1—O187.10 (6)H5A—C5—H5B107.8
N2i—Ni1—O192.90 (6)C7—C6—C5111.93 (17)
O1i—Ni1—O1180.0C7—C6—H6A109.2
C9—O1—Ni1131.99 (12)C5—C6—H6A109.2
C1—N1—C2114.34 (14)C7—C6—H6B109.2
C1—N1—Ni1105.52 (11)C5—C6—H6B109.2
C2—N1—Ni1112.75 (11)H6A—C6—H6B107.9
C1—N1—H1108.0C8—C7—C6111.81 (19)
C2—N1—H1108.0C8—C7—H7A109.3
Ni1—N1—H1108.0C6—C7—H7A109.3
C4—N2—C3113.96 (15)C8—C7—H7B109.3
C4—N2—Ni1104.76 (11)C6—C7—H7B109.3
C3—N2—Ni1113.72 (11)H7A—C7—H7B107.9
C4—N2—H2108.0C7—C8—H8A109.5
C3—N2—H2108.0C7—C8—H8B109.5
Ni1—N2—H2108.0H8A—C8—H8B109.5
C3—N3—C2115.84 (15)C7—C8—H8C109.5
C3—N3—C5114.58 (15)H8A—C8—H8C109.5
C2—N3—C5115.55 (16)H8B—C8—H8C109.5
C13—N4—C14116.05 (17)O2—C9—O1126.88 (16)
N1—C1—C4i108.60 (14)O2—C9—C11117.12 (15)
N1—C1—H1A110.0O1—C9—C11115.99 (16)
C4i—C1—H1A110.0C14—C10—C11119.30 (17)
N1—C1—H1B110.0C14—C10—H10120.4
C4i—C1—H1B110.0C11—C10—H10120.4
H1A—C1—H1B108.4C10—C11—C12117.25 (16)
N3—C2—N1114.07 (15)C10—C11—C9122.61 (15)
N3—C2—H2A108.7C12—C11—C9120.14 (16)
N1—C2—H2A108.7C13—C12—C11119.15 (18)
N3—C2—H2B108.7C13—C12—H12120.4
N1—C2—H2B108.7C11—C12—H12120.4
H2A—C2—H2B107.6N4—C13—C12124.30 (17)
N3—C3—N2114.51 (16)N4—C13—H13117.8
N3—C3—H3A108.6C12—C13—H13117.8
N2—C3—H3A108.6N4—C14—C10123.94 (18)
N3—C3—H3B108.6N4—C14—H14118.0
N2—C3—H3B108.6C10—C14—H14118.0
C2—N1—C1—C4i−166.23 (14)C5—C6—C7—C8−177.2 (2)
Ni1—N1—C1—C4i−41.74 (15)Ni1—O1—C9—O2−15.1 (3)
C3—N3—C2—N1−72.6 (2)Ni1—O1—C9—C11164.15 (12)
C5—N3—C2—N165.5 (2)C14—C10—C11—C120.4 (3)
C1—N1—C2—N3179.49 (14)C14—C10—C11—C9−179.18 (18)
Ni1—N1—C2—N358.94 (17)O2—C9—C11—C10179.64 (18)
C2—N3—C3—N270.3 (2)O1—C9—C11—C100.3 (3)
C5—N3—C3—N2−68.2 (2)O2—C9—C11—C120.1 (3)
C4—N2—C3—N3−175.30 (14)O1—C9—C11—C12−179.24 (17)
Ni1—N2—C3—N3−55.32 (18)C10—C11—C12—C130.3 (3)
C3—N2—C4—C1i167.84 (13)C9—C11—C12—C13179.86 (18)
Ni1—N2—C4—C1i42.93 (14)C14—N4—C13—C120.4 (3)
C3—N3—C5—C6−160.49 (18)C11—C12—C13—N4−0.7 (3)
C2—N3—C5—C660.9 (2)C13—N4—C14—C100.4 (3)
N3—C5—C6—C7178.71 (18)C11—C10—C14—N4−0.8 (3)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1···O21.001.982.892 (2)150
N2—H2···N4ii1.002.233.143 (2)151
  7 in total

1.  Self-assembly and chiral recognition of a two-dimensional coordination polymer from a chiral nickel(II) macrocyclic complex and trimesic acid.

Authors:  Jae Jeong Ryoo; Jong Won Shin; Hwan-Seok Dho; Kil Sik Min
Journal:  Inorg Chem       Date:  2010-08-16       Impact factor: 5.165

2.  BL2D-SMC, the supramolecular crystallography beamline at the Pohang Light Source II, Korea.

Authors:  Jong Won Shin; Kisu Eom; Dohyun Moon
Journal:  J Synchrotron Radiat       Date:  2016-01-01       Impact factor: 2.616

3.  The Cambridge Structural Database in retrospect and prospect.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Frank H Allen
Journal:  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl       Date:  2014-01-02       Impact factor: 15.336

4.  Perspectives in chemistry--aspects of adaptive chemistry and materials.

Authors:  Jean-Marie Lehn
Journal:  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl       Date:  2015-01-12       Impact factor: 15.336

5.  Self-assembly and selective guest binding of three-dimensional open-framework solids from a macrocyclic complex as a trifunctional metal building block.

Authors:  K S Min; M P Suh
Journal:  Chemistry       Date:  2001-01-05       Impact factor: 5.236

6.  SHELXT - integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 2.290

7.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

  7 in total

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