Christian Stoppe1,2, Julia Ney3, Martin Brenke3, Andreas Goetzenich4, Christoph Emontzpohl5, Gereon Schälte3, Oliver Grottke3, Manfred Moeller6, Rolf Rossaint3, Mark Coburn3. 1. Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. christian.stoppe@gmail.com. 2. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. christian.stoppe@gmail.com. 3. Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. 4. Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. 5. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. 6. Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The licensed anesthetic xenon, which exerts organ protective properties, was recently added by the World Anti-Doping Agency to the list of prohibited substances. Xenon is supposed to trigger the production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and subsequently erythropoietin, but data are limited to in vivo experimental work. Therefore we evaluated the effect of xenon on erythropoietin levels in healthy persons. METHODS:Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomly assigned either to a group spontaneously breathing xenon 30 % (Xe/O2 30 %/60 %) or a group breathing control gas (N2/O2 40 %/60 %) for 45 min. Primary outcome parameters were erythropoietin levels at several time-points after exposure. Secondary outcome parameters were serum levels of testosterone, cytokines, and growth factors as well as concentrations of xenon in blood and exhalation samples measured at several time-points after exposure. In addition, hemodynamic safety parameters were monitored during exposure. RESULTS: The administration of xenon significantly increased erythropoietin levels 8 h after exposure (1.34 [±0.368]; p = 0.008), peaking at 24 h compared to the baseline values (1.45 [±0.498]; p = 0.01) and remained traceable in blood and exhalation probes until 24 h after exposure. In contrast, no significant change was observed in the control group. Measurement of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) revealed a significant increase of SDF-1 levels (p = 0.005), whereas no differences were observed with respect to growth factors, cytokines, or androgens. In an in vitro chemotaxis assay, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) showed a trend towards increased migration in serum samples received from participants after xenon exposure (p = 0.080). CONCLUSION: The present study presents first evidence about a xenon-induced effect on increased erythropoietin levels in healthy volunteers. The study was registered at the European Medicines Agency (EudraCT-number: 2014-000973-38) and at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number: 02129400).
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The licensed anesthetic xenon, which exerts organ protective properties, was recently added by the World Anti-Doping Agency to the list of prohibited substances. Xenon is supposed to trigger the production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and subsequently erythropoietin, but data are limited to in vivo experimental work. Therefore we evaluated the effect of xenon on erythropoietin levels in healthy persons. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomly assigned either to a group spontaneously breathing xenon 30 % (Xe/O2 30 %/60 %) or a group breathing control gas (N2/O2 40 %/60 %) for 45 min. Primary outcome parameters were erythropoietin levels at several time-points after exposure. Secondary outcome parameters were serum levels of testosterone, cytokines, and growth factors as well as concentrations of xenon in blood and exhalation samples measured at several time-points after exposure. In addition, hemodynamic safety parameters were monitored during exposure. RESULTS: The administration of xenon significantly increased erythropoietin levels 8 h after exposure (1.34 [±0.368]; p = 0.008), peaking at 24 h compared to the baseline values (1.45 [±0.498]; p = 0.01) and remained traceable in blood and exhalation probes until 24 h after exposure. In contrast, no significant change was observed in the control group. Measurement of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) revealed a significant increase of SDF-1 levels (p = 0.005), whereas no differences were observed with respect to growth factors, cytokines, or androgens. In an in vitro chemotaxis assay, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) showed a trend towards increased migration in serum samples received from participants after xenon exposure (p = 0.080). CONCLUSION: The present study presents first evidence about a xenon-induced effect on increased erythropoietin levels in healthy volunteers. The study was registered at the European Medicines Agency (EudraCT-number: 2014-000973-38) and at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number: 02129400).
Authors: Daniel J Ceradini; Anita R Kulkarni; Matthew J Callaghan; Oren M Tepper; Nicholas Bastidas; Mark E Kleinman; Jennifer M Capla; Robert D Galiano; Jamie P Levine; Geoffrey C Gurtner Journal: Nat Med Date: 2004-07-04 Impact factor: 53.440
Authors: Sean M Davidson; Pradeep Selvaraj; David He; Claire Boi-Doku; Robert L Yellon; Jose M Vicencio; Derek M Yellon Journal: Basic Res Cardiol Date: 2013-08-06 Impact factor: 17.165