Justin Im1, Chelsea Nichols1, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen2, Amy Gassama Sow3, Sandra Løfberg2, Adama Tall4, Gi Deok Pak1, Peter Aaby2, Stephen Baker5, John D Clemens6, Ligia Maria Cruz Espinoza1, Frank Konings1, Jürgen May7, Mario Monteiro2, Aissatou Niang4, Ursula Panzner1, Se Eun Park1, Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt8, Thomas F Wierzba1, Florian Marks1, Vera von Kalckreuth1. 1. International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. 3. Institut Pasteur de Dakar Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal. 4. Institut Pasteur de Dakar. 5. Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom. 6. International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. 7. Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, and German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Hamburg. 8. International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic and convalescent carriers play an important role in the transmission and endemicity of many communicable diseases. A high incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection has been reported in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, yet the prevalence of Salmonella excretion in the general population is unknown. METHODS: Stool specimens were collected from a random sample of households in 2 populations in West Africa: Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, and Dakar, Senegal. Stool was cultured to detect presence of Salmonella, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the isolated organisms. RESULTS: Stool was cultured from 1077 and 1359 individuals from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, respectively. Salmonella Typhi was not isolated from stool samples at either site. Prevalence of NTS in stool samples was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.5-35.1; n = 26/1077) per 1000 population in Guinea-Bissau and 10.3 (95% CI, 6.1-17.2; n = 14/1359) per 1000 population in Senegal. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of NTS excretion in stool in both study populations indicates a possible NTS transmission route in these settings.
BACKGROUND: Chronic and convalescent carriers play an important role in the transmission and endemicity of many communicable diseases. A high incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection has been reported in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, yet the prevalence of Salmonella excretion in the general population is unknown. METHODS: Stool specimens were collected from a random sample of households in 2 populations in West Africa: Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, and Dakar, Senegal. Stool was cultured to detect presence of Salmonella, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the isolated organisms. RESULTS: Stool was cultured from 1077 and 1359 individuals from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, respectively. Salmonella Typhi was not isolated from stool samples at either site. Prevalence of NTS in stool samples was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.5-35.1; n = 26/1077) per 1000 population in Guinea-Bissau and 10.3 (95% CI, 6.1-17.2; n = 14/1359) per 1000 population in Senegal. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of NTS excretion in stool in both study populations indicates a possible NTS transmission route in these settings.
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