Marcelo Volpon Santos1,2, Camila Araujo Bernardino Garcia3, Evelise Oliveira Jardini3, Thais Helena Romeiro3, Luiza da Silva Lopes3, Hélio Rubens Machado4,3, Ricardo Santos de Oliveira4,3. 1. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus Universitário, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. marcelovolpon@yahoo.com. 2. Behavioral Neuropathology and Pediatric Neurosurgery Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. marcelovolpon@yahoo.com. 3. Behavioral Neuropathology and Pediatric Neurosurgery Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. 4. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus Universitário, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hydrocephalus is a complex disease that affects cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and is very common in children. To this date, CSF shunting is still the standard treatment for childhood hydrocephalus, but, nevertheless, the effects of such an operation on the developing brain are widely unknown. To help overcome this, experimental models of CSF shunts are surely very useful tools. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe a feasible and reliable technique of an adapted ventricular-subcutaneous shunt for the treatment of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in young rats. METHODS: We developed a ventricular-subcutaneous shunt (VSCS) technique which was used in 31 Wistar young rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was induced at 7 days of age, and shunt implantation was performed 7 days later. Our technique used a 0.7-mm gauge polypropylene catheter tunneled to a subcutaneous pocket created over the animal's back and inserted into the right lateral ventricle. All animals were sacrificed 14 days after shunt insertion. RESULTS: Twenty-four rats survived and remained well until the study was ended. No major complications were seen. Their weight gain went back to normal. They all underwent ambulatory behavioral testing prior and after VSCS, which showed improvement in their motor skills. We have also obtained magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 16 pups confirming reduction of ventricular size after shunting and indicating effective treatment. Histopathological analysis of brain samples before and after shunting showed reversion of ependymal and corpus callosum disruption, as well as fewer reactive astrocytes in shunted animals. CONCLUSIONS: An experimental CSF shunt technique was devised. Excessive CSF of hydrocephalic rats is diverted into the subcutaneous space where it can be resorbed. This technique has a low complication rate and is effective. It might be applied to various types of experimental studies involving induction and treatment of hydrocephalus.
BACKGROUND:Hydrocephalus is a complex disease that affects cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and is very common in children. To this date, CSF shunting is still the standard treatment for childhood hydrocephalus, but, nevertheless, the effects of such an operation on the developing brain are widely unknown. To help overcome this, experimental models of CSF shunts are surely very useful tools. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe a feasible and reliable technique of an adapted ventricular-subcutaneous shunt for the treatment of kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in young rats. METHODS: We developed a ventricular-subcutaneous shunt (VSCS) technique which was used in 31 Wistar young rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was induced at 7 days of age, and shunt implantation was performed 7 days later. Our technique used a 0.7-mm gauge polypropylene catheter tunneled to a subcutaneous pocket created over the animal's back and inserted into the right lateral ventricle. All animals were sacrificed 14 days after shunt insertion. RESULTS: Twenty-four rats survived and remained well until the study was ended. No major complications were seen. Their weight gain went back to normal. They all underwent ambulatory behavioral testing prior and after VSCS, which showed improvement in their motor skills. We have also obtained magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 16 pups confirming reduction of ventricular size after shunting and indicating effective treatment. Histopathological analysis of brain samples before and after shunting showed reversion of ependymal and corpus callosum disruption, as well as fewer reactive astrocytes in shunted animals. CONCLUSIONS: An experimental CSF shunt technique was devised. Excessive CSF of hydrocephalic rats is diverted into the subcutaneous space where it can be resorbed. This technique has a low complication rate and is effective. It might be applied to various types of experimental studies involving induction and treatment of hydrocephalus.
Authors: Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão; Diego Augusto Leme Correa; Camila Araújo Bernardino Garcia; Antonio Carlos dos Santos; Carlos Ernesto Garrido Salmon; Maria José Alves Rocha; Luiza da Silva Lopes Journal: Dev Neurosci Date: 2014-10-18 Impact factor: 2.984
Authors: Samuel Caputo de Castro; Hélio Rubens Machado; Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão; Betina Aisengart de Siqueira; Ana Leda Bertoncini Simões; João-José Lachat; Luiza da Silva Lopes Journal: Acta Cir Bras Date: 2012-11 Impact factor: 1.388
Authors: G B Sampaio; S C Da Silva; T H Romeiro; P D S Beggiora; H R Machado; L D S Lopes Journal: Childs Nerv Syst Date: 2019-05-27 Impact factor: 1.475
Authors: A Scott Emmert; Eri Iwasawa; Crystal Shula; Preston Schultz; Diana Lindquist; R Scott Dunn; Elizabeth M Fugate; Yueh-Chiang Hu; Francesco T Mangano; June Goto Journal: Dis Model Mech Date: 2019-11-21 Impact factor: 5.758