Indications for Augmentation Cystoplasty in the Era of OnabotulinumtoxinA.

Overactive bladder (OAB) with or without a neurogenic etiology that is refractory to conventional first-, second-, and third-line therapies is a challenging condition that typically leaves the physician and the patient with few options. Historically, treatment for patients who did not respond to any of the few pharmacologic choices focused on more invasive surgical options--specifically, augmentation cystoplasty (AC). In 2011 and 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved intradetrusor injection of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO), respectively. Since then, a dramatic decline in the use of AC has called into question its utility in the treatment algorithm of this difficult patient population. The purpose of this paper is to review the current body of literature in order to outline the circumstances in which AC is still a relevant therapeutic option.