Leena Koivusilta1,2, Heini Kuoppamäki3, Arja Rimpelä3,4,5. 1. School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland. leena.koivusilta@uta.fi. 2. University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Kampusranta 9 C, 60320, Seinäjoki, Finland. leena.koivusilta@uta.fi. 3. School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland. 4. Tampere Centre for Childhood, Youth and Family Research (PERLA), University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland. 5. Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, 33380, Pitkäniemi, Finland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Energy drinks contain large amounts of caffeine. Their effects on adolescent well-being are poorly known. We examined the relationship of energy drink consumption with health complaints and late bedtime among 13-year-olds. METHODS: A classroom survey was conducted on all 7th graders in the Helsinki metropolitan region, Finland (73 % responded; n = 9446). Logistic regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of health complaints increased as energy drink consumption increased from non-consumers to several times/day. Late bedtime (≥11 PM) increased correspondingly. Those consuming energy drinks several times/day exhibited increased odds of experiencing daily health complaints compared with non-consumers: headache OR (adjusted) = 4.6 (2.8-7.7), sleeping problems OR = 3.6 (2.2-5.8), irritation OR = 4.1 (2.7-6.1), tiredness/fatigue OR = 3.7 (2.4-5.7), and late bedtime OR = 7.8 (5.7-10.9). In SEM, energy drink consumption had a direct effect on health complaints and late bedtime and an indirect effect on health complaints via late bedtime. CONCLUSIONS: Energy drinks, late bedtime, and health complaints form a behavior pattern that is worth considering in schools, home and clinical settings when adolescents complain about headaches, problems with sleeping and corresponding symptoms.
OBJECTIVES: Energy drinks contain large amounts of caffeine. Their effects on adolescent well-being are poorly known. We examined the relationship of energy drink consumption with health complaints and late bedtime among 13-year-olds. METHODS: A classroom survey was conducted on all 7th graders in the Helsinki metropolitan region, Finland (73 % responded; n = 9446). Logistic regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of health complaints increased as energy drink consumption increased from non-consumers to several times/day. Late bedtime (≥11 PM) increased correspondingly. Those consuming energy drinks several times/day exhibited increased odds of experiencing daily health complaints compared with non-consumers: headache OR (adjusted) = 4.6 (2.8-7.7), sleeping problems OR = 3.6 (2.2-5.8), irritation OR = 4.1 (2.7-6.1), tiredness/fatigue OR = 3.7 (2.4-5.7), and late bedtime OR = 7.8 (5.7-10.9). In SEM, energy drink consumption had a direct effect on health complaints and late bedtime and an indirect effect on health complaints via late bedtime. CONCLUSIONS: Energy drinks, late bedtime, and health complaints form a behavior pattern that is worth considering in schools, home and clinical settings when adolescents complain about headaches, problems with sleeping and corresponding symptoms.
Entities:
Keywords:
Adolescents; Caffeine; Energy drinks; Health complaints; Late bedtime
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