Vaibhav Jadhav1, Pritha Ray2, Geetanjali Sachdeva3, Purvi Bhatt4. 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India. Electronic address: vaibhav.jadhav@nmims.edu.in. 2. Ray Lab, Khanolkar Shodhika, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India. Electronic address: pray@actrec.gov.in. 3. Primate Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Parel, Mumbai 400012, India. Electronic address: sachdevag@nirrh.res.in. 4. Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India. Electronic address: purvi.bhatt@nmims.edu.
Abstract
AIMS: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a well-known anticancer drug and is approved by the FDA for its use in acute promyelocytic leukemia. In this study, anticancer and antiproliferative mechanism of biocompatible As2O3 nanoparticles was determined on human prostate cancer cell lines. MAIN METHODS: In vitro anticancer efficacy of biopolymer coated As2O3 NPs was investigated in LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines, by assessing DNA damage, changes in epigenetic modulations, expression level of apoptotic markers and cell cycle analysis following treatment with As2O3 NPs. KEY FINDINGS: Our results demonstrate that the nanoparticulate formulation of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and chitosan coated As2O3 is capable of inducing morphological changes, DNA damage and caspase-dependent apoptosis along with the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 by upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor - p21 was found to be triggered by changes in epigenetic modifications at histone tails. SIGNIFICANCE: Biopolymer coated As2O3 nanoparticles induced reversal of mono, di and tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 residue. Acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 14 residue and phosphorylation of H3 at serine 10 residue synergistically activated p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene thereby leading to apoptosis in the LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Treatment with As2O3 nanoparticles arrested the cells in G0-G1 and G2-M phase of cell cycle in LNCaP and PC-3 cells respectively. Thus, biocompatible As2O3 nanoparticles with reduced toxicity to normal cells but the antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cell lines follow similar death pathway as that of bare As2O3 nanoparticles.
AIMS: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a well-known anticancer drug and is approved by the FDA for its use in acute promyelocytic leukemia. In this study, anticancer and antiproliferative mechanism of biocompatible As2O3 nanoparticles was determined on humanprostate cancer cell lines. MAIN METHODS: In vitro anticancer efficacy of biopolymer coated As2O3 NPs was investigated in LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines, by assessing DNA damage, changes in epigenetic modulations, expression level of apoptotic markers and cell cycle analysis following treatment with As2O3 NPs. KEY FINDINGS: Our results demonstrate that the nanoparticulate formulation of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and chitosan coated As2O3 is capable of inducing morphological changes, DNA damage and caspase-dependent apoptosis along with the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 by upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor - p21 was found to be triggered by changes in epigenetic modifications at histone tails. SIGNIFICANCE: Biopolymer coated As2O3 nanoparticles induced reversal of mono, di and tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 residue. Acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 14 residue and phosphorylation of H3 at serine 10 residue synergistically activated p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene thereby leading to apoptosis in the LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Treatment with As2O3 nanoparticles arrested the cells in G0-G1 and G2-M phase of cell cycle in LNCaP and PC-3 cells respectively. Thus, biocompatible As2O3 nanoparticles with reduced toxicity to normal cells but the antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cell lines follow similar death pathway as that of bare As2O3 nanoparticles.
Authors: Paul A Ellison; Feng Chen; Shreya Goel; Todd E Barnhart; Robert J Nickles; Onofre T DeJesus; Weibo Cai Journal: ACS Appl Mater Interfaces Date: 2017-02-16 Impact factor: 9.229
Authors: Adam P Sage; Brenda C Minatel; Kevin W Ng; Greg L Stewart; Trevor J B Dummer; Wan L Lam; Victor D Martinez Journal: Oncotarget Date: 2017-04-11