BACKGROUND: Limited and inconsistent research findings exist about the effect of dietary protein intake on indexes of sleep. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of protein intake during dietary energy restriction on indexes of sleep in overweight and obese adults in 2 randomized, controlled feeding studies. DESIGN: For study 1, 14 participants [3 men and 11 women; mean ± SE age: 56 ± 3 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 30.9 ± 0.6] consumed energy-restricted diets (a 750-kcal/d deficit) with either beef and pork (BP; n = 5) or soy and legume (SL; n = 9) as the main protein sources for 3 consecutive 4-wk periods with 10% (control), 20%, or 30% of total energy from protein (random order). At baseline and the end of each period, the global sleep score (GSS) was assessed with the use of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. For study 2, 44 participants (12 men and 32 women; age: 52 ± 1 y; BMI: 31.4 ± 0.5) consumed a 3-wk baseline energy-balance diet with 0.8 g protein · kg baseline body mass(-1) · d(-1). Then, study 2 subjects consumed either a normal-protein [NP (control); n = 23] or a high-protein (HP; n = 21) (0.8 compared with 1.5 g · kg(-1) · d(-1), respectively) energy-restricted diet (a 750-kcal/d deficit) for 16 wk. The PSQI was administered during baseline week 3 and intervention weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. GSSs ranged from 0 to 21 arbitrary units (au), with a higher value representing a worse GSS during the preceding month. RESULTS: In study 1, we showed that a higher protein quantity improved GSSs independent of the protein source. The GSS was higher (P < 0.05) when 10% (6.0 ± 0.4 au) compared with 20% (5.0 ± 0.4 au) protein was consumed, with 30% protein (5.4 ± 0.6 au) intermediate. In study 2, at baseline, the GSS was not different between NP (5.2 ± 0.5 au) and HP (5.4 ± 0.5 au) groups. Over time, the GSS was unchanged for the NP group and improved for the HP group (P-group-by-time interaction < 0.05). After intervention (week 16), GSSs for NP and HP groups were 5.9 ± 0.5 and 4.0 ± 0.6 au, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The consumption of a greater proportion of energy from protein while dieting may improve sleep in overweight and obese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01005563 (study 1) and NCT01692860 (study 2).
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Limited and inconsistent research findings exist about the effect of dietary protein intake on indexes of sleep. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of protein intake during dietary energy restriction on indexes of sleep in overweight and obese adults in 2 randomized, controlled feeding studies. DESIGN: For study 1, 14 participants [3 men and 11 women; mean ± SE age: 56 ± 3 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 30.9 ± 0.6] consumed energy-restricted diets (a 750-kcal/d deficit) with either beef and pork (BP; n = 5) or soy and legume (SL; n = 9) as the main protein sources for 3 consecutive 4-wk periods with 10% (control), 20%, or 30% of total energy from protein (random order). At baseline and the end of each period, the global sleep score (GSS) was assessed with the use of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. For study 2, 44 participants (12 men and 32 women; age: 52 ± 1 y; BMI: 31.4 ± 0.5) consumed a 3-wk baseline energy-balance diet with 0.8 g protein · kg baseline body mass(-1) · d(-1). Then, study 2 subjects consumed either a normal-protein [NP (control); n = 23] or a high-protein (HP; n = 21) (0.8 compared with 1.5 g · kg(-1) · d(-1), respectively) energy-restricted diet (a 750-kcal/d deficit) for 16 wk. The PSQI was administered during baseline week 3 and intervention weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. GSSs ranged from 0 to 21 arbitrary units (au), with a higher value representing a worse GSS during the preceding month. RESULTS: In study 1, we showed that a higher protein quantity improved GSSs independent of the protein source. The GSS was higher (P < 0.05) when 10% (6.0 ± 0.4 au) compared with 20% (5.0 ± 0.4 au) protein was consumed, with 30% protein (5.4 ± 0.6 au) intermediate. In study 2, at baseline, the GSS was not different between NP (5.2 ± 0.5 au) and HP (5.4 ± 0.5 au) groups. Over time, the GSS was unchanged for the NP group and improved for the HP group (P-group-by-time interaction < 0.05). After intervention (week 16), GSSs for NP and HP groups were 5.9 ± 0.5 and 4.0 ± 0.6 au, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The consumption of a greater proportion of energy from protein while dieting may improve sleep in overweight and obese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01005563 (study 1) and NCT01692860 (study 2).
Authors: C R Markus; B Olivier; G E Panhuysen; J Van Der Gugten; M S Alles; A Tuiten; H G Westenberg; D Fekkes; H F Koppeschaar; E E de Haan Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2000-06 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Mark L Unruh; Susan Redline; Ming-Wen An; Daniel J Buysse; F Javier Nieto; Jeun-Liang Yeh; Anne B Newman Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2008-05-14 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: M Stelmach-Mardas; K Iqbal; M Mardas; L Schwingshackl; J Walkowiak; R J Tower; H Boeing Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2016-11-30 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Lauren E O'Connor; Sarah L Biberstine; Douglas Paddon-Jones; A J Schwichtenberg; Wayne W Campbell Journal: J Nutr Date: 2018-12-01 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: Nerylee Ann Watson; Kathryn Ann Dyer; Jonathan David Buckley; Grant David Brinkworth; Alison Mary Coates; Gaynor Parfitt; Peter Ranald Charles Howe; Manny Noakes; Karen Joy Murphy Journal: Nutr J Date: 2018-06-15 Impact factor: 3.271
Authors: Ana I Castro; Diego Gomez-Arbelaez; Ana B Crujeiras; Roser Granero; Zaida Aguera; Susana Jimenez-Murcia; Ignacio Sajoux; Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo; Fernando Fernandez-Aranda; Felipe F Casanueva Journal: Nutrients Date: 2018-09-21 Impact factor: 5.717