Daqing Sun1, Sara A Crowell2, Christian M Harding3, P Malaka De Silva4, Alistair Harrison3, Dinesh M Fernando4, Kevin M Mason5, Estevan Santana3, Peter C Loewen4, Ayush Kumar6, Yusen Liu7. 1. Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. 2. Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. 3. Center of Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. 4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 5. Center of Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. 6. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 7. Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: yusen.liu@nationwidechildrens.org.
Abstract
AIMS: Catalase catalyzes the degradation of H2O2. Acinetobacter species have four predicted catalase genes, katA, katE, katG, and katX. The aims of the present study seek to determine which catalase(s) plays a predominant role in determining the resistance to H2O2, and to assess the role of catalase in Acinetobacter virulence. MAIN METHODS: Mutants of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis with deficiencies in katA, katE, katG, and katX were tested for sensitivity to H2O2, either by halo assays or by liquid culture assays. Respiratory burst of neutrophils, in response to A. nosocomialis, was assessed by chemiluminescence to examine the effects of catalase on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils. Bacterial virulence was assessed using a Galleria mellonella larva infection model. KEY FINDINGS: The capacities of A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis to degrade H2O2 are largely dependent on katE. The resistance of both A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis to H2O2 is primarily determined by the katG gene, although katE also plays a minor role in H2O2 resistance. Bacteria lacking both the katG and katE genes exhibit the highest sensitivity to H2O2. While A. nosocomialis bacteria with katE and/or katG were able to decrease ROS production by neutrophils, these cells also induced a more robust respiratory burst in neutrophils than did cells deficient in both katE and katG. We also found that A. nosocomialis deficient in both katE and katG was more virulent than the wildtype A. nosocomialis strain. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that inhibition of Acinetobacter catalase may help to overcome the resistance of Acinetobacter species to microbicidal H2O2 and facilitate bacterial disinfection.
AIMS: Catalase catalyzes the degradation of H2O2. Acinetobacter species have four predicted catalase genes, katA, katE, katG, and katX. The aims of the present study seek to determine which catalase(s) plays a predominant role in determining the resistance to H2O2, and to assess the role of catalase in Acinetobacter virulence. MAIN METHODS: Mutants of Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis with deficiencies in katA, katE, katG, and katX were tested for sensitivity to H2O2, either by halo assays or by liquid culture assays. Respiratory burst of neutrophils, in response to A. nosocomialis, was assessed by chemiluminescence to examine the effects of catalase on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils. Bacterial virulence was assessed using a Galleria mellonella larva infection model. KEY FINDINGS: The capacities of A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis to degrade H2O2 are largely dependent on katE. The resistance of both A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis to H2O2 is primarily determined by the katG gene, although katE also plays a minor role in H2O2 resistance. Bacteria lacking both the katG and katE genes exhibit the highest sensitivity to H2O2. While A. nosocomialis bacteria with katE and/or katG were able to decrease ROS production by neutrophils, these cells also induced a more robust respiratory burst in neutrophils than did cells deficient in both katE and katG. We also found that A. nosocomialis deficient in both katE and katG was more virulent than the wildtype A. nosocomialis strain. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that inhibition of Acinetobactercatalase may help to overcome the resistance of Acinetobacter species to microbicidal H2O2 and facilitate bacterial disinfection.
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