Lene Rørholm Pedersen1, Rasmus Huan Olsen2, Christian Anholm3, Rosemary L Walzem4, Mogens Fenger5, Jesper Eugen-Olsen6, Steen Bendix Haugaard3, Eva Prescott2. 1. Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: lrpedersen@gmail.com. 2. Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4. Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. 5. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6. Clinical Research Center, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation are integral in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aim to compare the effects of a considerable weight loss and intensive exercise training on lipid atherogenicity and low-grade inflammation in a high-risk population with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS:Seventy non-diabetic participants with CAD, BMI 28-40 kg/m(2), age 45-75 years were randomized to 12 weeks' aerobic interval training (AIT) at 85-90% of peak heart rate three times/week or a low energy diet (LED, 800-1000 kcal/day) for 8-10 weeks followed by 2-4 weeks' weight maintenance diet. Lipid profile atherogenicity was described using lipoprotein particle size and density profiling. Low-grade inflammation was evaluated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. RESULTS:Twenty-six (74%) AIT and 29 (83%) LED participants completed intervention per protocol. AIT and LED decreased total (AIT: -518 {-906;-129},P = 0.011, LED: -767 {-1128:-406},P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, AIT: -186 {-306;-65},P = 0.004, LED: -277 {-433;-122},P < 0.001) assessed as the area under the density profile curve. LED was superior to AIT in decreasing atherogenicity reflected by increased LDL (between-group: 1.0 Å {0.4; 1.7},P = 0.003) and high-density lipoprotein (between-group: 1.2 Å {0.2; 2.4},P = 0.026) particle size and a decreased proportion of total lipoprotein constituted by the small, dense LDL5 subfraction (between-group: -5.0% {-8.4;-1.7},P = 0.004). LED decreased TNFα (9.5% {-15.8;-2.6},P = 0.009). No changes were seen following AIT. CONCLUSION:LED and AIT decreased total and LDL lipoprotein. LED was superior in decreasing atherogenicity assessed by a shift in density profile and increased particle size. Effect on low-grade inflammation was limited.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation are integral in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aim to compare the effects of a considerable weight loss and intensive exercise training on lipid atherogenicity and low-grade inflammation in a high-risk population with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Seventy non-diabeticparticipants with CAD, BMI 28-40 kg/m(2), age 45-75 years were randomized to 12 weeks' aerobic interval training (AIT) at 85-90% of peak heart rate three times/week or a low energy diet (LED, 800-1000 kcal/day) for 8-10 weeks followed by 2-4 weeks' weight maintenance diet. Lipid profile atherogenicity was described using lipoprotein particle size and density profiling. Low-grade inflammation was evaluated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. RESULTS: Twenty-six (74%) AIT and 29 (83%) LED participants completed intervention per protocol. AIT and LED decreased total (AIT: -518 {-906;-129},P = 0.011, LED: -767 {-1128:-406},P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, AIT: -186 {-306;-65},P = 0.004, LED: -277 {-433;-122},P < 0.001) assessed as the area under the density profile curve. LED was superior to AIT in decreasing atherogenicity reflected by increased LDL (between-group: 1.0 Å {0.4; 1.7},P = 0.003) and high-density lipoprotein (between-group: 1.2 Å {0.2; 2.4},P = 0.026) particle size and a decreased proportion of total lipoprotein constituted by the small, dense LDL5 subfraction (between-group: -5.0% {-8.4;-1.7},P = 0.004). LED decreased TNFα (9.5% {-15.8;-2.6},P = 0.009). No changes were seen following AIT. CONCLUSION: LED and AIT decreased total and LDL lipoprotein. LED was superior in decreasing atherogenicity assessed by a shift in density profile and increased particle size. Effect on low-grade inflammation was limited.
Authors: Grace Dibben; James Faulkner; Neil Oldridge; Karen Rees; David R Thompson; Ann-Dorthe Zwisler; Rod S Taylor Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2021-11-06
Authors: Xiuzhi Wu; Michael A Roussell; Alison M Hill; Penny M Kris-Etherton; Rosemary L Walzem Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-11-30 Impact factor: 5.717