Janni Leung1,2, Jennifer Martin3,4, Deirdre McLaughlin5. 1. School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. j.leung1@uq.edu.au. 2. Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. j.leung1@uq.edu.au. 3. School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 4. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. 5. School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine urban-rural differences and individual risk factors for a late stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in Australian women. DESIGN: Individual-level longitudinal data were linked with cancer registry data from New South Wales (New South Wales Cancer Registry linked by the Centre for Health Record Linkage (CHeReL)), Queensland (Queensland Cancer Registry) and Victoria (The Cancer Council Victoria). SETTING: Participants were drawn from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health 1946-1951 cohort (n = 13 715). PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 195 women identified from the linked cancer registry data with a breast cancer diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS: Rural or urban residence was measured using Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia Plus (ARIA+). Individual characteristics and socio-demographic variables examined included survey year, menopausal status, country of birth, education and marital status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A late stage of breast cancer at diagnosis was defined based on the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. RESULTS: A late stage of breast cancer diagnosis was observed in 36% of women residing in urban areas and 40% of women residing in rural areas. After adjusting for individual characteristics, we found that obesity was the strongest risk factor for a late stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Given that women are becoming increasingly obese, and that the rate of obesity is higher in the Australian rural population, this paper provides further evidence for targeting interventions for obesity, particularly in rural Australia, as a public health priority.
OBJECTIVE: To examine urban-rural differences and individual risk factors for a late stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in Australian women. DESIGN: Individual-level longitudinal data were linked with cancer registry data from New South Wales (New South Wales Cancer Registry linked by the Centre for Health Record Linkage (CHeReL)), Queensland (Queensland Cancer Registry) and Victoria (The Cancer Council Victoria). SETTING:Participants were drawn from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health 1946-1951 cohort (n = 13 715). PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 195 women identified from the linked cancer registry data with a breast cancer diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS: Rural or urban residence was measured using Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia Plus (ARIA+). Individual characteristics and socio-demographic variables examined included survey year, menopausal status, country of birth, education and marital status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A late stage of breast cancer at diagnosis was defined based on the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. RESULTS: A late stage of breast cancer diagnosis was observed in 36% of women residing in urban areas and 40% of women residing in rural areas. After adjusting for individual characteristics, we found that obesity was the strongest risk factor for a late stage of breast cancer at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Given that women are becoming increasingly obese, and that the rate of obesity is higher in the Australian rural population, this paper provides further evidence for targeting interventions for obesity, particularly in rural Australia, as a public health priority.
Authors: Oluwatosin A Ayeni; Shane A Norris; Maureen Joffe; Herbert Cubasch; Sarah Nietz; Ines Buccimazza; Urishka Singh; Sharon Čačala; Laura Stopforth; Wenlong C Chen; Valerie A McCormack; Daniel S O'Neil; Judith S Jacobson; Alfred I Neugut; Paul Ruff; Lisa K Micklesfield Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2019-10-25 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Paramita Dasgupta; Peter D Baade; Danny R Youlden; Gail Garvey; Joanne F Aitken; Isabella Wallington; Jennifer Chynoweth; Helen Zorbas; Philippa H Youl Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2018-04-29 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Fiona McKenzie; Annelle Zietsman; Moses Galukande; Angelica Anele; Charles Adisa; Groesbeck Parham; Leeya Pinder; Herbert Cubasch; Maureen Joffe; Frederick Kidaaga; Robert Lukande; Awa U Offiah; Ralph O Egejuru; Aaron Shibemba; Joachim Schuz; Benjamin O Anderson; Isabel Dos Santos Silva; Valerie McCormack Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2017-12-23 Impact factor: 7.396