Raphael Pilo1, Vassilios Kaitsas2, Spiros Zinelis3, George Eliades4. 1. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tel Aviv University, Israel. 2. Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of Genoa, Italy. 3. Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. 4. Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. Electronic address: geliad@dent.uoa.gr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Recently several zirconia primers have been introduced to mediate bonding of dimethacrylate resins to yttria-stabilized zirconia frameworks (Y-TZP). The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in surface chemistry of Y-TZP frameworks induced by zirconia primer treatments. METHODS: Polished Y-TZP discs (Lava, 3M ESPE), ultrasonicated for 10min in ethanol, water-rinsed and air-dried were treated as follows: A: Reference (no treatment), B: Treatment with Z Prime Plus (Bisco), and C: Treatment with Z-Bond (Danville Materials). The primer films formed on Y-TZP surfaces were air-dried, left intact for 5 days (dark storage, 37°C, 40% RH), rinsed with 10ml acetone to remove the loosely bound fractions, air-dried and studied by: (a) reflection optical microscopy, (b) reflection Fourier transform infrared microscopy (RFTIRM) and (c) scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX). RESULTS: An amorphous thick film was observed on primed and acetone rinsed Y-TZP surfaces after B treatment, whereas C treatment formed a thinner film with phase-separated aggregates. The RFTIRM study showed that both primers induced carboxylate salt formation on Y-TZP. Phosphate groups in a dissociative form have been identified on Y-TZP, as well, indicating formation of phosphate salts. EDX analysis showed increased C, O and P content on the films, which masked the substrate contributions. SIGNIFICANCE: The primers tested formed carboxylate and phosphate salts on Y-TZP, promoting thus chemical adhesion. However, the differences in the film forming properties and water solubility between the carboxylate and phosphate salts may affect the strength and the durability of adhesive resin interfaces with Y-TZP, as mediated by these primers.
OBJECTIVES: Recently several zirconia primers have been introduced to mediate bonding of dimethacrylate resins to yttria-stabilized zirconia frameworks (Y-TZP). The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in surface chemistry of Y-TZP frameworks induced by zirconia primer treatments. METHODS: Polished Y-TZP discs (Lava, 3M ESPE), ultrasonicated for 10min in ethanol, water-rinsed and air-dried were treated as follows: A: Reference (no treatment), B: Treatment with Z Prime Plus (Bisco), and C: Treatment with Z-Bond (Danville Materials). The primer films formed on Y-TZP surfaces were air-dried, left intact for 5 days (dark storage, 37°C, 40% RH), rinsed with 10ml acetone to remove the loosely bound fractions, air-dried and studied by: (a) reflection optical microscopy, (b) reflection Fourier transform infrared microscopy (RFTIRM) and (c) scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX). RESULTS: An amorphous thick film was observed on primed and acetone rinsed Y-TZP surfaces after B treatment, whereas C treatment formed a thinner film with phase-separated aggregates. The RFTIRM study showed that both primers induced carboxylate salt formation on Y-TZP. Phosphate groups in a dissociative form have been identified on Y-TZP, as well, indicating formation of phosphate salts. EDX analysis showed increased C, O and P content on the films, which masked the substrate contributions. SIGNIFICANCE: The primers tested formed carboxylate and phosphate salts on Y-TZP, promoting thus chemical adhesion. However, the differences in the film forming properties and water solubility between the carboxylate and phosphate salts may affect the strength and the durability of adhesive resin interfaces with Y-TZP, as mediated by these primers.
Authors: Mohamed M Awad; Feras Alhalabi; Khaled Mosfer Alzahrani; Majed Almutiri; Fawaz Alqanawi; Lafi Albdiri; Abdullah Alshehri; Ali Alrahlah; Mohammed H Ahmed Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2022-01-28 Impact factor: 3.748
Authors: Francisco da Silva Araújo Milagres; Dauro Douglas Oliveira; Giordani Santos Silveira; Emanuelle de Fátima Ferreira Oliveira; Alberto Nogueira da Gama Antunes Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2019-11-27 Impact factor: 3.623