Samantha G Farris1, Angelo M DiBello2, Luke F Heggeness3, Lorraine R Reitzel4, Damon J Vidrine5, Norman B Schmidt6, Michael J Zvolensky7. 1. University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA. Electronic address: sgfarris@uh.edu. 2. Brown University, School of Public Health, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA. 3. Kent State University, Department of Psychological Sciences, 800 E. Summit St., Kent, OH 44240, USA. 4. University of Houston, Department of Educational Psychology, Farish Hall, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA. 5. The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. 6. Florida State University, Department of Psychology, 1107 W Call St, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA. 7. University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking-specific experiential avoidance is related to the maintenance of cigarette smoking. However, it is unclear whether sustained smoking abstinence is associated with subsequent reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. METHODS: Daily smokers (n = 149) underwent a cessation attempt in the context of a 4-session smoking cessation treatment trial. Participants provided biochemical verification of smoking status at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 Month post-quit day. Smoking-specific experiential avoidance was assessed per the Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS) - the total score and two factor scores were examined at 1 Month post-quit day as a function of abstinence status. Two path models were conducted and included participant sex, treatment condition, and pre-cessation nicotine dependence, smoking-specific experiential avoidance, and presence of emotional disorders as covariates. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, sustained smoking abstinence was associated with a reduction in the AIS total score at Month 1 post-quit (β = -.45, p < .001). Sustained smoking abstinence was associated with reductions across both facets of experiential avoidance -- smoking-related thoughts and feelings (β = -.44, p < .001) and internal bodily sensations (β = -.41, p < .001). LIMITATIONS: Biochemical verification of smoking status was confirmed only at three time points post-quit day, and continued abstinence throughout the one-month post-quitting period is not fully known. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained smoking abstinence may contribute to reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. Findings add to the research documenting the relevance of experiential avoidance in various processes of smoking (including smoking abstinence).
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking-specific experiential avoidance is related to the maintenance of cigarette smoking. However, it is unclear whether sustained smoking abstinence is associated with subsequent reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. METHODS: Daily smokers (n = 149) underwent a cessation attempt in the context of a 4-session smoking cessation treatment trial. Participants provided biochemical verification of smoking status at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 Month post-quit day. Smoking-specific experiential avoidance was assessed per the Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS) - the total score and two factor scores were examined at 1 Month post-quit day as a function of abstinence status. Two path models were conducted and included participant sex, treatment condition, and pre-cessation nicotine dependence, smoking-specific experiential avoidance, and presence of emotional disorders as covariates. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, sustained smoking abstinence was associated with a reduction in the AIS total score at Month 1 post-quit (β = -.45, p < .001). Sustained smoking abstinence was associated with reductions across both facets of experiential avoidance -- smoking-related thoughts and feelings (β = -.44, p < .001) and internal bodily sensations (β = -.41, p < .001). LIMITATIONS: Biochemical verification of smoking status was confirmed only at three time points post-quit day, and continued abstinence throughout the one-month post-quitting period is not fully known. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained smoking abstinence may contribute to reductions in smoking-specific experiential avoidance. Findings add to the research documenting the relevance of experiential avoidance in various processes of smoking (including smoking abstinence).
Authors: Samantha G Farris; Michael J Zvolensky; Peter J Norton; Julianna Hogan; Angela H Smith; Alexander M Talkovsky; Lorra Garey; Norman B Schmidt Journal: Behav Med Date: 2014-11-14 Impact factor: 3.104
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