Gregory J Wiet1,2,3, Don Stredney4,5, Kimerly Powell6, Brad Hittle4, Thomas Kerwin4. 1. Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, 250 Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Gregory.wiet@nationwidechildrens.org. 2. Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, 4000 Eye and Ear Institute, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA. Gregory.wiet@nationwidechildrens.org. 3. Department of Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. Gregory.wiet@nationwidechildrens.org. 4. Biomedical Research Group, Ohio Supercomputer Center, 1224 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA. 5. Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, 4000 Eye and Ear Institute, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA. 6. Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, 250 Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To report on the state of the art in obtaining high-resolution 3D data of the microanatomy of the temporal bone and to process that data for integration into a surgical simulator. Specifically, we report on our experience in this area and discuss the issues involved to further the field. DATA SOURCES: Current temporal bone image acquisition and image processing established in the literature as well as in house methodological development. REVIEW METHODS: We reviewed the current English literature for the techniques used in computer-based temporal bone simulation systems to obtain and process anatomical data for use within the simulation. Search terms included "temporal bone simulation, surgical simulation, temporal bone." Articles were chosen and reviewed that directly addressed data acquisition and processing/segmentation and enhancement with emphasis given to computer-based systems. We present the results from this review in relationship to our approach. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution CT imaging ([Formula: see text] voxel resolution), along with unique image processing and rendering algorithms, and structure-specific enhancement are needed for high-level training and assessment using temporal bone surgical simulators. Higher-resolution clinical scanning and automated processes that run in efficient time frames are needed before these systems can routinely support pre-surgical planning. Additionally, protocols such as that provided in this manuscript need to be disseminated to increase the number and variety of virtual temporal bones available for training and performance assessment.
PURPOSE: To report on the state of the art in obtaining high-resolution 3D data of the microanatomy of the temporal bone and to process that data for integration into a surgical simulator. Specifically, we report on our experience in this area and discuss the issues involved to further the field. DATA SOURCES: Current temporal bone image acquisition and image processing established in the literature as well as in house methodological development. REVIEW METHODS: We reviewed the current English literature for the techniques used in computer-based temporal bone simulation systems to obtain and process anatomical data for use within the simulation. Search terms included "temporal bone simulation, surgical simulation, temporal bone." Articles were chosen and reviewed that directly addressed data acquisition and processing/segmentation and enhancement with emphasis given to computer-based systems. We present the results from this review in relationship to our approach. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution CT imaging ([Formula: see text] voxel resolution), along with unique image processing and rendering algorithms, and structure-specific enhancement are needed for high-level training and assessment using temporal bone surgical simulators. Higher-resolution clinical scanning and automated processes that run in efficient time frames are needed before these systems can routinely support pre-surgical planning. Additionally, protocols such as that provided in this manuscript need to be disseminated to increase the number and variety of virtual temporal bones available for training and performance assessment.
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