Alessandro Conti1, Matteo Santoni2, Luciano Burattini2, Marina Scarpelli3, Roberta Mazzucchelli3, Andrea B Galosi1, Liang Cheng4, Antonio Lopez-Beltran5, Alberto Briganti6, Francesco Montorsi6, Rodolfo Montironi7. 1. Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Section of Urology, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy. 2. Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy. 3. Section of Pathological Anatomy, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, via Conca 71, 60126, Torrette, Ancona, Italy. 4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 5. Department of Surgery, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain. 6. Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. 7. Section of Pathological Anatomy, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, via Conca 71, 60126, Torrette, Ancona, Italy. r.montironi@univpm.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metastases to lymph nodes (LNs) represent an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Histological examination represents the gold standard in the evaluation of the lymphadenectomy (LND) specimens for the presence of secondary deposits. METHODS AND RESULTS: The metastatic detection rate can vary according to the approach adopted in the microscopic analysis of the LNs, which includes frozen-section examination, total inclusion of the tissue with and without whole-mount sections, serial sectioning, and the application of immunohistochemistry. The assessment of the sentinel LN, the search for micrometastases, and the evaluation of atypical LN metastatic sites further contribute to the detection of the metastatic spread. CONCLUSION: In this review, an update on the histopathological evaluation of LND specimens in patients with PCa is given, and focus is made on their clinical and prognostic significance.
BACKGROUND:Metastases to lymph nodes (LNs) represent an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Histological examination represents the gold standard in the evaluation of the lymphadenectomy (LND) specimens for the presence of secondary deposits. METHODS AND RESULTS: The metastatic detection rate can vary according to the approach adopted in the microscopic analysis of the LNs, which includes frozen-section examination, total inclusion of the tissue with and without whole-mount sections, serial sectioning, and the application of immunohistochemistry. The assessment of the sentinel LN, the search for micrometastases, and the evaluation of atypical LN metastatic sites further contribute to the detection of the metastatic spread. CONCLUSION: In this review, an update on the histopathological evaluation of LND specimens in patients with PCa is given, and focus is made on their clinical and prognostic significance.
Entities:
Keywords:
Lymph nodes; Metastases; Prostate cancer
Authors: Bora Gurel; Tehmina Z Ali; Elizabeth A Montgomery; Shahnaz Begum; Jessica Hicks; Michael Goggins; Charles G Eberhart; Douglas P Clark; Charles J Bieberich; Jonathan I Epstein; Angelo M De Marzo Journal: Am J Surg Pathol Date: 2010-08 Impact factor: 6.394
Authors: Stephan Jeschke; Lukas Lusuardi; Andy Myatt; Stephan Hruby; Christian Pirich; Guenter Janetschek Journal: Urology Date: 2012-09-15 Impact factor: 2.649
Authors: L Cheng; T M Pisansky; D M Ramnani; B C Leibovich; J C Cheville; J Slezak; E J Bergstralh; H Zincke; D G Bostwick Journal: Mod Pathol Date: 2000-02 Impact factor: 7.842
Authors: J Mikel Hubanks; Stephen A Boorjian; Igor Frank; Matthew T Gettman; R Houston Thompson; Laureano J Rangel; Eric J Bergstralh; R Jeffrey Karnes Journal: Urol Oncol Date: 2013-02-06 Impact factor: 3.498
Authors: Joost L Boormans; Mark F Wildhagen; Chris H Bangma; Paul C Verhagen; Geert J van Leenders Journal: BJU Int Date: 2008-08-14 Impact factor: 5.588
Authors: Tobias Maurer; Gregor Weirich; Margret Schottelius; Martina Weineisen; Benjamin Frisch; Asli Okur; Hubert Kübler; Mark Thalgott; Nassir Navab; Markus Schwaiger; Hans-Jürgen Wester; Jürgen E Gschwend; Matthias Eiber Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2015-05-06 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: Ansje S Fortuin; Bart W J Philips; Marloes M G van der Leest; Mark E Ladd; Stephan Orzada; Marnix C Maas; Tom W J Scheenen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-07-31 Impact factor: 3.240