Jeffrey A Alten1, Leslie A Rhodes1, Sarah Tabbutt2, David S Cooper3, Eric M Graham4, Nancy Ghanayem5, Bradley S Marino6, Mayte I Figueroa7, Nikhil K Chanani8, Jeffrey P Jacobs9, Janet E Donohue10, Sunkyung Yu10, Michael Gaies10. 1. 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Section of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine,University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,Alabama,United States of America. 2. 2Department of Pediatrics,Benioff Children's Hospital and University of California San Francisco School of Medicine,San Francisco,California,United States of America. 3. 3The Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati,Ohio,United States of America. 4. 4Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston,South Carolina,United States of America. 5. 5Department of Pediatrics,Children's Hospital of Wisconsin,Medical College of Wisconsin,Milwaukee,Wisconsin,United States of America. 6. 6Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Medical Social Sciences,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago,Evanston,Illinois,United States of America. 7. 7Department of Pediatric Cardiology,University of Tennessee Health Science Center,Memphis,Tennessee,United States of America. 8. 8Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Emory University School of Medicine/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta,Atlanta,Georgia,United States of America. 9. 9Division of Cardiovascular Surgery,Department of Surgery,Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute,All Children's Hospital and Florida Hospital for Children,St Petersburg, Tampa, Orlando,Florida,United States of America. 10. 11Division of Cardiology,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases,C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan Medical School,Ann Arbor,Michigan,United States of America.
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Introduction The optimal perioperative feeding strategies for neonates with CHD are unknown. In the present study, we describe the current feeding practices across a multi-institutional cohort. METHODS: Inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: all neonates undergoing cardiac surgery admitted to the cardiac ICU for ⩾24 hours preoperatively between October, 2013 and July, 2014 in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium registry. RESULTS: The cohort included 251 patients from eight centres. The most common diagnoses included the following: hypoplastic left heart syndrome (17%), coarctation/aortic arch hypoplasia (18%), and transposition of the great arteries (22%); 14% of the patients were <37weeks of gestational age. The median total hospital length of stay was 21 days (interquartile range (IQR) 14-35) and overall mortality was 8%. Preoperative feeding occurred in 133 (53%) patients. The overall preoperative feeding rates across centres ranged from 29 to 79%. Postoperative feeds started on median day 2 (IQR 1-4); for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome postoperative feeds started on median day 4. Postoperative feeds were initiated in 89 (35%) patients before extubation (range across centres: 21-61%). The median cardiac ICU discharge feeding volume was 108 cc/kg/day, varying across centres. The mean discharge weight was 280 g above birth weight, ranging from +100 to 430 g across centres. A total of 110 (44%) patients had discharge feeding tubes, ranging from 6 to 80% across centres, and 40/110 patients had gastrostomy/enterostomy tubes placed. In addition, eight (3.2%) patients developed necrotising enterocolitis - three preoperatively and five postoperatively. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, neonatal feeding practices and outcomes appear to vary across diagnostic groups and institutions. Only half of the patients received preoperative enteral nutrition; almost half had discharge feeding tubes. Multi-institutional collaboration is necessary to determine feeding strategies associated with best clinical outcomes.
UNLABELLED: Introduction The optimal perioperative feeding strategies for neonates with CHD are unknown. In the present study, we describe the current feeding practices across a multi-institutional cohort. METHODS: Inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: all neonates undergoing cardiac surgery admitted to the cardiac ICU for ⩾24 hours preoperatively between October, 2013 and July, 2014 in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium registry. RESULTS: The cohort included 251 patients from eight centres. The most common diagnoses included the following: hypoplastic left heart syndrome (17%), coarctation/aortic arch hypoplasia (18%), and transposition of the great arteries (22%); 14% of the patients were <37weeks of gestational age. The median total hospital length of stay was 21 days (interquartile range (IQR) 14-35) and overall mortality was 8%. Preoperative feeding occurred in 133 (53%) patients. The overall preoperative feeding rates across centres ranged from 29 to 79%. Postoperative feeds started on median day 2 (IQR 1-4); for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome postoperative feeds started on median day 4. Postoperative feeds were initiated in 89 (35%) patients before extubation (range across centres: 21-61%). The median cardiac ICU discharge feeding volume was 108 cc/kg/day, varying across centres. The mean discharge weight was 280 g above birth weight, ranging from +100 to 430 g across centres. A total of 110 (44%) patients had discharge feeding tubes, ranging from 6 to 80% across centres, and 40/110 patients had gastrostomy/enterostomy tubes placed. In addition, eight (3.2%) patients developed necrotising enterocolitis - three preoperatively and five postoperatively. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, neonatal feeding practices and outcomes appear to vary across diagnostic groups and institutions. Only half of the patients received preoperative enteral nutrition; almost half had discharge feeding tubes. Multi-institutional collaboration is necessary to determine feeding strategies associated with best clinical outcomes.
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