Igor Tak1, Philip Glasgow2, Rob Langhout3, Adam Weir4, Gino Kerkhoffs5, Rintje Agricola6. 1. Sports Rehabilitation and Manual Therapy Department, Physiotherapy Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, the Netherlands Department of Orthopaedics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Academic Centre for Evidence based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, the Netherlands Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands igor.tak@gmail.com. 2. Sports Institute of Northern Ireland, Belfast, Northern Ireland Sports Medicine Department, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. 3. Sports and Manual Therapy, Physiotherapy Dukenburg, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 4. Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar. 5. Department of Orthopaedics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Academic Centre for Evidence based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, the Netherlands Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 6. Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Soccer (football) players often have hip and groin symptoms (HGS), and a previous groin injury is a risk factor for a relapse. Decreased hip range of motion (HROM) has been related to both hip and groin pain and the presence of a cam deformity. How these factors interact is unknown. PURPOSE: The first aim was to study whether HGS are associated with HROM. The second aim was to study the association of the presence of a cam deformity with HROM. Additionally, the influence of a cam deformity on the relationship between HGS and HROM was examined. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Seasonal screening data of 2 professional soccer clubs were used. Variables for HGS were current hip or groin pain, the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), and previous hip- and groin-related time-loss injuries (HGTIs). HROM was determined for hip internal rotation (IR), external rotation, and total rotation (TR) in the supine position and for the bent knee fall out (BKFO) test. A cam deformity was defined by an alpha angle >60° on standardized anteroposterior pelvic and frog-leg lateral radiographs. RESULTS: Sixty players (mean [±SD] age, 23.1 ± 4.2 years) were included. All were noninjured at the time of screening. Current hip or groin pain was not associated with HROM. Hips of players in the lowest HAGOS interquartile range (thus most affected by complaints; n = 12) showed less IR (23.9° ± 8.7° vs 28.9° ± 7.8°, respectively; P = .036) and TR (58.2° ± 13.5° vs 65.6° ± 11.8°, respectively; P = .047) than those in the highest interquartile range (n = 29). No such differences were found for BKFO (P = .417). Hips of players with a previous HGTI showed less IR (21.1° ± 6.8° vs 28.3° ± 8.9°, respectively; P < .001) and TR (56.0° ± 8.2° vs 64.5° ± 13.6°, respectively; P < .001) than those without a previous HGTI. This was independent of the presence of a cam deformity. BKFO did not differ between groups (P = .983). Hips with a cam deformity showed less but nonsignificant IR (25.5° ± 10.3° vs 29.0° ± 7.1°, respectively; P = .066) and TR (P = .062) and higher but nonsignificant BKFO values (17.1 cm ± 3.4 cm vs 14.2 cm ± 4.6 cm, respectively; P = .078) than those without a cam deformity. CONCLUSION: Decreased HROM in professional soccer players is associated with more hip- and groin-related symptoms and with previous injuries, independent of the presence of a cam deformity.
BACKGROUND: Soccer (football) players often have hip and groin symptoms (HGS), and a previous groin injury is a risk factor for a relapse. Decreased hip range of motion (HROM) has been related to both hip and groin pain and the presence of a camdeformity. How these factors interact is unknown. PURPOSE: The first aim was to study whether HGS are associated with HROM. The second aim was to study the association of the presence of a camdeformity with HROM. Additionally, the influence of a camdeformity on the relationship between HGS and HROM was examined. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Seasonal screening data of 2 professional soccer clubs were used. Variables for HGS were current hip or groin pain, the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), and previous hip- and groin-related time-loss injuries (HGTIs). HROM was determined for hip internal rotation (IR), external rotation, and total rotation (TR) in the supine position and for the bent knee fall out (BKFO) test. A camdeformity was defined by an alpha angle >60° on standardized anteroposterior pelvic and frog-leg lateral radiographs. RESULTS: Sixty players (mean [±SD] age, 23.1 ± 4.2 years) were included. All were noninjured at the time of screening. Current hip or groin pain was not associated with HROM. Hips of players in the lowest HAGOS interquartile range (thus most affected by complaints; n = 12) showed less IR (23.9° ± 8.7° vs 28.9° ± 7.8°, respectively; P = .036) and TR (58.2° ± 13.5° vs 65.6° ± 11.8°, respectively; P = .047) than those in the highest interquartile range (n = 29). No such differences were found for BKFO (P = .417). Hips of players with a previous HGTI showed less IR (21.1° ± 6.8° vs 28.3° ± 8.9°, respectively; P < .001) and TR (56.0° ± 8.2° vs 64.5° ± 13.6°, respectively; P < .001) than those without a previous HGTI. This was independent of the presence of a camdeformity. BKFO did not differ between groups (P = .983). Hips with a camdeformity showed less but nonsignificant IR (25.5° ± 10.3° vs 29.0° ± 7.1°, respectively; P = .066) and TR (P = .062) and higher but nonsignificant BKFO values (17.1 cm ± 3.4 cm vs 14.2 cm ± 4.6 cm, respectively; P = .078) than those without a camdeformity. CONCLUSION: Decreased HROM in professional soccer players is associated with more hip- and groin-related symptoms and with previous injuries, independent of the presence of a camdeformity.
Authors: Anna Swärd Aminoff; Cecilia Agnvall; Carl Todd; Páll Jónasson; Mikael Sansone; Olof Thoreson; Leif Swärd; Jon Karlsson; Adad Baranto Journal: Open Access J Sports Med Date: 2018-08-06
Authors: Derrick M Knapik; Michael A Gaudiani; Brian E Camilleri; Shane J Nho; James E Voos; Michael J Salata Journal: Orthop J Sports Med Date: 2019-03-19
Authors: Igor Tak; Leonie Engelaar; Vincent Gouttebarge; Maarten Barendrecht; Sylvia Van den Heuvel; Gino Kerkhoffs; Rob Langhout; Janine Stubbe; Adam Weir Journal: Br J Sports Med Date: 2017-04-21 Impact factor: 13.800