Early prediction of clinical benefit of treating ovarian cancer using quantitative CT image feature analysis.

BACKGROUND: In current clinical trials of treating ovarian cancer patients, how to accurately predict patients' response to the chemotherapy at an early stage remains an important and unsolved challenge.
PURPOSE: To investigate feasibility of applying a new quantitative image analysis method for predicting early response of ovarian cancer patients to chemotherapy in clinical trials.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A dataset of 30 patients was retrospectively selected in this study, among which 12 were responders with 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 18 were non-responders. A computer-aided detection scheme was developed to segment tumors depicted on two sets of CT images acquired pre-treatment and 4-6 weeks post treatment. The scheme computed changes of three image features related to the tumor volume, density, and density variance. We analyzed performance of using each image feature and applying a decision tree to predict patients' 6-month PFS. The prediction accuracy of using quantitative image features was also compared with the clinical record based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline.
RESULTS: The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.773 ± 0.086, 0.680 ± 0.109, and 0.668 ± 0.101, when using each of three features, respectively. AUC value increased to 0.831 ± 0.078 when combining these features together. The decision-tree classifier achieved a higher predicting accuracy (76.7%) than using RECIST guideline (60.0%).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the potential of using a quantitative image feature analysis method to improve accuracy of predicting early response of ovarian cancer patients to the chemotherapy in clinical trials. © The Foundation Acta Radiologica 2015.