M Bethel1,2, P Bůžková3, H A Fink4,5, J A Robbins6, J A Cauley7, J Lee8, J I Barzilay9, D I Jalal10, L D Carbone11,12. 1. Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, BI 5070, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. mbethel@gru.edu. 2. Subspecialty Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA. mbethel@gru.edu. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 4. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, and Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 5. Department of Medicine, and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 6. Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 8. Divisions of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. 9. Division of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia and the Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. 10. Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA. 11. Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, BI 5070, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. 12. Subspecialty Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is an inflammatory marker associated with osteoclasts. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we found a positive association between plasma levels of sCD14 and risk of incident fracture among participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study. sCD14 may be useful in identifying those at risk for fracture. INTRODUCTION: Soluble CD14, a proinflammatory cytokine, is primarily derived from macrophages/monocytes that can differentiate into osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sCD14 levels and osteoporotic fractures. METHODS: In the Cardiovascular Health Study, 5462 men and women had sCD14 levels measured at baseline. Incident hip fractures (median follow-up time 12.5 years) and incident composite fractures (defined as the first hip, pelvis, humerus, or distal radius fracture, median follow-up 8.6 years) were identified from hospital discharge summaries and/or Medicare claims data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to model the association between sCD14 levels and time to incident hip or composite fracture, overall and as a function of race and gender. RESULTS: In unadjusted models, there was a positive association between sCD14 levels (per 1 standard deviation increase, i.e., 361.6 ng/mL) and incident hip (HR, 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.17, 1.36) and composite (HR, 1.20; 95 % CI, 1.12, 1.28) fractures. When models were fully adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, and medication use, these associations were no longer significant. However, in whites, the association of sCD14 levels with hip fractures remained significant in fully adjusted models (HR, 1.11; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.23). Associations of sCD14 levels with hip and composite fracture did not differ between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of community-dwelling older adults, higher sCD14 levels were associated with an increased risk of incident hip fractures in whites.
UNLABELLED: Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is an inflammatory marker associated with osteoclasts. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we found a positive association between plasma levels of sCD14 and risk of incident fracture among participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study. sCD14 may be useful in identifying those at risk for fracture. INTRODUCTION: Soluble CD14, a proinflammatory cytokine, is primarily derived from macrophages/monocytes that can differentiate into osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sCD14 levels and osteoporotic fractures. METHODS: In the Cardiovascular Health Study, 5462 men and women had sCD14 levels measured at baseline. Incident hip fractures (median follow-up time 12.5 years) and incident composite fractures (defined as the first hip, pelvis, humerus, or distal radius fracture, median follow-up 8.6 years) were identified from hospital discharge summaries and/or Medicare claims data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to model the association between sCD14 levels and time to incident hip or composite fracture, overall and as a function of race and gender. RESULTS: In unadjusted models, there was a positive association between sCD14 levels (per 1 standard deviation increase, i.e., 361.6 ng/mL) and incident hip (HR, 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.17, 1.36) and composite (HR, 1.20; 95 % CI, 1.12, 1.28) fractures. When models were fully adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, and medication use, these associations were no longer significant. However, in whites, the association of sCD14 levels with hip fractures remained significant in fully adjusted models (HR, 1.11; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.23). Associations of sCD14 levels with hip and composite fracture did not differ between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of community-dwelling older adults, higher sCD14 levels were associated with an increased risk of incident hip fractures in whites.
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