D Rivera1, P B Perrin2, L F Stevens3, M T Garza4, C Weil5, C P Saracho6, W Rodríguez7, Y Rodríguez-Agudelo8, B Rábago9, G Weiler10, C García de la Cadena11, M Longoni12, C Martínez13, N Ocampo-Barba14, A Aliaga15, J Galarza-Del-Angel16, A Guerra17, L Esenarro18, J C Arango-Lasprilla19,1. 1. Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain. 2. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA. 3. Hunter Holmes McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA. 4. Facultad de Psicología Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico. 5. Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado, San Salvador, El Salvador. 6. CETYS Universidad, Mexicali, Mexico. 7. Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico. 8. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía MVS, Mexico City, Mexico. 9. Instituto Vocacional Enrique Díaz de León, Guadalajara, Mexico. 10. Instituto de Prevención Social, Asuncion, Paraguay. 11. Departamento de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. 12. Clínica de rehabilitación Las Araucarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 13. Departamento de Medicina de Rehabilitación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 14. Fundación Horizontes, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. 15. Servicio Médico Legal, Ministerio de Justicia, Santiago, Chile. 16. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico. 17. Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Camaguey, Cuba. 18. Instituto de Neuropsicología y Demencias, Lima, Peru. 19. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data on the Stroop Test across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the Stroop Test, as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models explained 14-36% of the variance in Stroop Word scores, 12-41% of the variance in the Stoop Color, 14-36% of the variance in the Stroop Word-Color scores, and 4-15% of variance in Stroop Interference scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women on the Stroop test, none of the countries had an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America to create norms for the Stoop Test in a Spanish-Speaking sample. This study will therefore have important implications for the future of neuropsychology research and practice throughout the region.
OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data on the Stroop Test across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the Stroop Test, as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models explained 14-36% of the variance in Stroop Word scores, 12-41% of the variance in the Stoop Color, 14-36% of the variance in the Stroop Word-Color scores, and 4-15% of variance in Stroop Interference scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women on the Stroop test, none of the countries had an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first normative multicenter study conducted in Latin America to create norms for the Stoop Test in a Spanish-Speaking sample. This study will therefore have important implications for the future of neuropsychology research and practice throughout the region.
Authors: Pablo Monteagudo; Ainoa Roldán; Ana Cordellat; Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera; Cristina Blasco-Lafarga Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-08-20 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Fernando Henríquez; Victoria Cabello; Sandra Baez; Leonardo Cruz de Souza; Patricia Lillo; David Martínez-Pernía; Loreto Olavarría; Teresa Torralva; Andrea Slachevsky Journal: Front Neurol Date: 2022-02-16 Impact factor: 4.003