Benjamin K Brent1, Isabelle M Rosso2, Heidi W Thermenos3, Daphne J Holt4, Stephen V Faraone5, Nikos Makris6, Ming T Tsuang7, Larry J Seidman8. 1. Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: bbrent@partners.org. 2. Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States. 3. Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States; The HST-MIT Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States. 4. Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; The HST-MIT Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States. 5. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 6. Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; The HST-MIT Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School Department of Neurology and Radiology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02120, United States. 7. Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States. 8. Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States; The HST-MIT Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Structural alterations of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in association with memory impairments have been reported in schizophrenia. This study investigated whether alterations of LTC structure were linked with impaired facial and/or verbal memory in young first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia and, thus, may be indicators of vulnerability to the illness. METHODS: Subjects included 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 48 healthy controls, between the ages of 13 and 28. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5Tesla. The LTC was parcellated into superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal pole. Total cerebral and LTC volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometry. The Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition and the Children's Memory Scale - Third Edition assessed facial and verbal memory. General linear models tested for associations among LTC subregion volumes, familial risk and memory. RESULTS: Compared with controls, relatives had significantly smaller bilateral middle temporal gyri. Moreover, right middle temporal gyral volume showed a significant positive association with delayed facial memory in relatives. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that smaller middle temporal gyri are related to the genetic liability to schizophrenia and may be linked with reduced facial memory in persons at genetic risk for the illness. The findings add to the growing evidence that children at risk for schizophrenia on the basis of positive family history have cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities well before psychotic illness occurs.
BACKGROUND: Structural alterations of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in association with memory impairments have been reported in schizophrenia. This study investigated whether alterations of LTC structure were linked with impaired facial and/or verbal memory in young first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia and, thus, may be indicators of vulnerability to the illness. METHODS: Subjects included 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of schizophreniapatients, and 48 healthy controls, between the ages of 13 and 28. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5Tesla. The LTC was parcellated into superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal pole. Total cerebral and LTC volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometry. The Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition and the Children's Memory Scale - Third Edition assessed facial and verbal memory. General linear models tested for associations among LTC subregion volumes, familial risk and memory. RESULTS: Compared with controls, relatives had significantly smaller bilateral middle temporal gyri. Moreover, right middle temporal gyral volume showed a significant positive association with delayed facial memory in relatives. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that smaller middle temporal gyri are related to the genetic liability to schizophrenia and may be linked with reduced facial memory in persons at genetic risk for the illness. The findings add to the growing evidence that children at risk for schizophrenia on the basis of positive family history have cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities well before psychotic illness occurs.
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