Literature DB >> 26594521

Crystal structure of tris-[4-(di-methyl-amino)-pyridinium] tris-(oxalato-κ(2) O,O')chromate(III) tetra-hydrate.

Noé Makon Ma Houga1, Frédéric Capet2, Justin Nenwa1, Gouet Bebga3, Michel Foulon4.   

Abstract

In the title hybrid salt, (C7H11N2)3[Cr(C2O4)3]·4H2O, the central Cr(III) ion of the complex anion (point group symmetry 2) is coordinated by six O atoms from three chelating oxalate(2-) ligands in a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination sphere. The Cr-O bond lengths vary from 1.9577 (11) to 1.9804 (11) Å, while the chelate O-Cr-O angles range from 82.11 (6) to 93.41 (5)°. The 4-(di-methyl-amino)-pyridinium cations (one situated in a general position and one on a twofold rotation axis) are protonated at the pyridine N atoms. In the crystal, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional network. π-π inter-actions between the pyridine rings of adjacent cations provide additional stabilization of the crystal packing, with the closest centroid-to-centroid distances being 3.541 (1) and 3.575 (1) Å.

Entities:  

Keywords:  4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridine; crystal structure; hybrid salt; hydrogen bonding; tris­(oxalato)chromate(III); π–π inter­actions

Year:  2015        PMID: 26594521      PMCID: PMC4645054          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015020113

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

The coordination chemistry of oxalate (C2O4 2−) continues to receive considerable attention because of the ability of this ion to act as a remarkably flexible ligand system in complexations with a wide range of metal ions (Martin et al., 2007 ▸). Over the last decade, Bélombé and coworkers (Bélombé et al., 2003 ▸) prepared a novel barium-oxalatochromate(III), {Ba6(H2O)17[Cr(ox)3]4}·7H2O, and demonstrated the use of this complex as a suitable precursor for the synthesis of multi-functional crystalline materials (Bélombé et al., 2009 ▸; Mbiangué et al., 2012 ▸). Moreover, this complex has received much attention in the field of materials science for its use as a convenient route for the preparation of technologically important metallic composite oxides (Neo et al., 2006 ▸). As part of our ongoing research program, we have now combined this versatile barium-oxalatochromate(III) complex with 4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridinium oxalate to isolate the organic–inorganic hybrid salt, (C7H11N2)3[Cr(C2O4)3]·4H2O.

Structural commentary

The mol­ecular components of the title compound are shown in Fig. 1 ▸. The asymmetric unit contains one and a half 4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridinium cations, one half of the tris(oxalato)chromate(III) complex anion and two lattice water mol­ecules. The entities are completed by application of twofold rotation symmetry. The central CrIII ion of the complex anion is coordinated by six O atoms from three chelating oxalato(2−) ligands in a slightly distorted (2 + 2 + 2) octa­hedral coordination sphere. The chelate O—Cr—O angles range from 82.11 (6) to 93.41 (5)°. The Cr—O bond lengths vary from 1.9577 (11) to 1.9804 (11) Å and are similar to those found in the guanidinium tris­(oxalato)chromate(III) salt (Golič & Bulc, 1988 ▸). Bond lengths and angles in the organic cations, [C7H11N2]+, are in agreement with those found in salts with the same cationic entity (Nenwa et al., 2010 ▸; Ghouili et al., 2010 ▸; Benslimane et al., 2012 ▸; Ben Nasr et al., 2015 ▸).
Figure 1

The mol­ecular components of the title compound. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. [Symmetry codes: (i) 1 − x, y,  − z; (ii) − + x,  − y, − + z; (iii)  − x,  − y, 1 − z; (iv)  − x, − + y,  − z; (v) − + x, − + y, z.]

Supra­molecular features

In the title compound, the crystal packing is stabilized by a network of inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds linking the coordination octa­hedra, 4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridinium cations and lattice water mol­ecules (Table 1 ▸, Fig. 2 ▸). In addition, π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.541 (1) and 3.575 (1) Å] between the pyridine rings contribute to the stabilization of the three-dimensional network (Fig. 3 ▸).
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (, )

DHA DHHA D A DHA
N1H1O8W i 0.91(2)1.84(2)2.702(2)157.8(19)
N3H3O6ii 0.92(4)2.12(3)2.879(3)139(1)
N3H3O6iii 0.92(4)2.12(3)2.879(3)139(1)
O7WH7WAO4iv 0.83(1)1.99(1)2.819(2)178(3)
O7WH7WBO1v 0.82(1)2.12(1)2.9079(19)161(3)
O8WH8WAO7W 0.81(1)1.95(1)2.7578(19)172(3)
O8WH8WBO6vi 0.82(1)1.99(1)2.8007(19)175(3)

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) ; (v) ; (vi) .

Figure 2

Projection on the ab plane of the crystal structure of the title compound. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines.

Figure 3

π–π stacking inter­actions (dashed lines) between adjacent organic cations in the title compound.

Synthesis and crystallization

The title compound was obtained by reaction of an aqueous solution of the freshly prepared barium-oxalatochromate(III) salt {Ba6(H2O)17[Cr(C2O4)3]4}·7H2O (1 mmol, 2.536 g), with an aqueous solution of 4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridine (12 mmol, 1.464 g) and oxalic acid (6 mmol, 0.756 g). The mixture was stirred at 333 K for about 30 minutes and then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The title compound crystallized by slow evaporation of the solvent at room temperature in form of light-violet crystals with dimensions up to 3 mm within a few weeks.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. H atoms bonded to C atoms were positioned geometrically and allowed to ride on their parent atoms with C—H = 0.93 Å and U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(C) for aromatic and 0.96 Å and U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(C) for methyl H atoms. H atoms of water mol­ecules as well as those bonded to N atoms were located from a difference Fourier map. Water H atoms were refined with soft restraints on O—H and H⋯H distances [O—H = 0.82 (1) Å and H⋯H = 1.30 (2) Å] and U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(O) whereas H atoms bonded to N atoms were refined freely.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula(C7H11N2)3[Cr(C3O4)3]4H2O
M r 757.66
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, C2/c
Temperature (K)296
a, b, c ()19.1141(5), 16.7537(4), 11.0053(2)
()98.803(1)
V (3)3482.73(14)
Z 4
Radiation typeMo K
(mm1)0.41
Crystal size (mm)0.58 0.21 0.14
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEXII CCD
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)
T min, T max 0.708, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2(I)] reflections56955, 5322, 3757
R int 0.038
(sin /)max (1)0.714
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.038, 0.120, 1.03
No. of reflections5322
No. of parameters249
No. of restraints6
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
max, min (e 3)0.23, 0.42

Computer programs: SAINT and APEX2 (Bruker, 2014 ▸), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ▸), publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸) and PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015020113/wm5230sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015020113/wm5230Isup2.hkl CCDC reference: 1400490 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
(C7H11N2)3[Cr(C3O4)3]·4H2OF(000) = 1588
Mr = 757.66Dx = 1.445 Mg m3
Monoclinic, C2/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 19.1141 (5) ÅCell parameters from 9987 reflections
b = 16.7537 (4) Åθ = 2.4–27.8°
c = 11.0053 (2) ŵ = 0.41 mm1
β = 98.803 (1)°T = 296 K
V = 3482.73 (14) Å3Prism, violet
Z = 40.58 × 0.21 × 0.14 mm
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer3757 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: sealed X-ray tubeRint = 0.038
φ and ω scansθmax = 30.5°, θmin = 2.6°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015)h = −27→27
Tmin = 0.708, Tmax = 0.746k = −23→23
56955 measured reflectionsl = −15→15
5322 independent reflections
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.038Hydrogen site location: mixed
wR(F2) = 0.120H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.03w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.056P)2 + 1.554P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5322 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
249 parametersΔρmax = 0.23 e Å3
6 restraintsΔρmin = −0.42 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cr10.50000.25122 (2)0.25000.04246 (11)
O20.44865 (6)0.33279 (7)0.32829 (9)0.0502 (3)
O10.41659 (6)0.25871 (7)0.12056 (10)0.0521 (3)
O50.45866 (6)0.16208 (7)0.33354 (10)0.0522 (3)
O7W0.82663 (8)0.36686 (8)0.49953 (15)0.0698 (4)
O60.45686 (8)0.02935 (8)0.34038 (13)0.0695 (4)
O30.35256 (8)0.40942 (8)0.29279 (12)0.0714 (4)
N20.28924 (8)0.40160 (8)0.65828 (12)0.0507 (3)
O8W0.87475 (9)0.52183 (8)0.53015 (16)0.0762 (4)
N10.33363 (7)0.16521 (9)0.60672 (13)0.0499 (3)
O40.31735 (7)0.32756 (9)0.06984 (14)0.0767 (4)
N30.50000.87873 (15)0.25000.0615 (5)
C60.30440 (7)0.32468 (9)0.64377 (12)0.0405 (3)
N40.50000.63400 (15)0.25000.0730 (7)
C10.39125 (9)0.35760 (9)0.26335 (14)0.0475 (3)
C70.34073 (8)0.29953 (10)0.54716 (12)0.0442 (3)
H70.35560.33700.49430.053*
C20.37147 (9)0.31285 (10)0.13931 (15)0.0496 (4)
C50.28590 (9)0.26379 (10)0.72219 (14)0.0483 (4)
H50.26360.27700.78880.058*
C30.47543 (8)0.09271 (10)0.30033 (14)0.0486 (4)
C40.30043 (9)0.18699 (11)0.70089 (14)0.0521 (4)
H40.28720.14780.75270.063*
C120.50000.71391 (15)0.25000.0505 (5)
C80.35377 (8)0.22127 (10)0.53192 (14)0.0476 (3)
H80.37730.20570.46790.057*
C100.30788 (12)0.46256 (11)0.57456 (17)0.0626 (5)
H10A0.35830.46330.57690.094*
H10B0.29240.51380.59910.094*
H10C0.28530.45080.49250.094*
C130.47586 (10)0.75888 (12)0.34435 (16)0.0563 (4)
H130.45930.73300.40910.068*
C140.47685 (9)0.83913 (12)0.34033 (17)0.0608 (4)
H140.46080.86780.40300.073*
C90.25007 (13)0.42746 (13)0.75514 (19)0.0741 (6)
H9A0.20370.40410.74190.111*
H9B0.24600.48460.75370.111*
H9C0.27480.41080.83360.111*
C110.47408 (17)0.58935 (16)0.3474 (3)0.1074 (10)
H11A0.50280.60120.42470.161*
H11B0.47640.53320.33100.161*
H11C0.42590.60410.35090.161*
H30.50000.934 (2)0.25000.091 (11)*
H7WA0.7843 (7)0.3544 (19)0.481 (3)0.136*
H8WA0.8595 (16)0.4767 (9)0.528 (3)0.136*
H8WB0.8988 (14)0.5268 (17)0.475 (2)0.136*
H7WB0.8432 (14)0.3280 (13)0.540 (3)0.136*
H10.3406 (11)0.1122 (13)0.5955 (18)0.068 (6)*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cr10.04232 (19)0.0513 (2)0.03681 (16)0.0000.01578 (13)0.000
O20.0557 (6)0.0565 (7)0.0411 (5)0.0033 (5)0.0164 (5)−0.0054 (4)
O10.0505 (6)0.0617 (7)0.0445 (6)−0.0005 (5)0.0087 (5)−0.0094 (5)
O50.0572 (7)0.0538 (6)0.0530 (6)−0.0008 (5)0.0318 (5)−0.0011 (5)
O7W0.0775 (9)0.0497 (7)0.0849 (10)−0.0032 (7)0.0211 (8)−0.0005 (7)
O60.0851 (9)0.0556 (7)0.0795 (9)−0.0022 (7)0.0499 (8)0.0054 (6)
O30.0916 (10)0.0639 (8)0.0653 (8)0.0297 (7)0.0330 (7)0.0100 (6)
N20.0646 (8)0.0478 (7)0.0431 (6)−0.0014 (6)0.0191 (6)−0.0055 (5)
O8W0.0914 (11)0.0531 (8)0.0954 (11)−0.0067 (7)0.0501 (9)−0.0132 (7)
N10.0509 (7)0.0481 (8)0.0498 (7)0.0025 (6)0.0041 (6)−0.0044 (6)
O40.0598 (8)0.0853 (10)0.0794 (9)0.0068 (7)−0.0076 (7)0.0037 (8)
N30.0568 (12)0.0558 (13)0.0701 (14)0.0000.0036 (10)0.000
C60.0399 (7)0.0492 (8)0.0323 (6)−0.0036 (6)0.0057 (5)−0.0039 (5)
N40.0845 (17)0.0570 (13)0.0703 (14)0.000−0.0111 (12)0.000
C10.0565 (9)0.0447 (8)0.0467 (8)0.0018 (7)0.0250 (7)0.0078 (6)
C70.0462 (8)0.0530 (8)0.0351 (6)−0.0040 (6)0.0123 (6)−0.0008 (6)
C20.0469 (8)0.0526 (9)0.0512 (8)−0.0051 (7)0.0132 (7)0.0065 (7)
C50.0542 (9)0.0568 (9)0.0363 (7)−0.0040 (7)0.0150 (6)−0.0003 (6)
C30.0462 (8)0.0569 (9)0.0469 (8)−0.0014 (7)0.0205 (6)0.0010 (7)
C40.0598 (10)0.0540 (9)0.0431 (8)−0.0056 (7)0.0098 (7)0.0052 (7)
C120.0461 (12)0.0573 (14)0.0448 (11)0.000−0.0033 (9)0.000
C80.0435 (8)0.0603 (9)0.0401 (7)0.0017 (7)0.0097 (6)−0.0075 (6)
C100.0877 (14)0.0462 (9)0.0567 (10)−0.0061 (9)0.0197 (9)−0.0016 (7)
C130.0509 (9)0.0763 (13)0.0430 (8)−0.0002 (8)0.0113 (7)0.0062 (7)
C140.0546 (10)0.0712 (12)0.0572 (10)0.0095 (9)0.0107 (8)−0.0094 (8)
C90.1006 (16)0.0638 (12)0.0665 (11)0.0046 (11)0.0406 (11)−0.0154 (9)
C110.127 (2)0.0759 (16)0.108 (2)−0.0233 (15)−0.0179 (17)0.0327 (14)
Cr1—O2i1.9577 (11)C6—C51.416 (2)
Cr1—O21.9577 (11)N4—C121.339 (3)
Cr1—O1i1.9728 (12)N4—C111.455 (3)
Cr1—O11.9728 (12)N4—C11i1.455 (3)
Cr1—O5i1.9804 (11)C1—C21.553 (2)
Cr1—O51.9804 (11)C7—H70.9300
O2—C11.2834 (19)C7—C81.350 (2)
O1—C21.290 (2)C5—H50.9300
O5—C31.274 (2)C5—C41.344 (2)
O7W—H7WA0.830 (10)C3—C3i1.558 (3)
O7W—H7WB0.822 (10)C4—H40.9300
O6—C31.223 (2)C12—C13i1.416 (2)
O3—C11.2162 (19)C12—C131.416 (2)
N2—C61.336 (2)C8—H80.9300
N2—C101.456 (2)C10—H10A0.9600
N2—C91.459 (2)C10—H10B0.9600
O8W—H8WA0.810 (10)C10—H10C0.9600
O8W—H8WB0.818 (10)C13—H130.9300
N1—C41.346 (2)C13—C141.345 (3)
N1—C81.343 (2)C14—H140.9300
N1—H10.91 (2)C9—H9A0.9600
O4—C21.214 (2)C9—H9B0.9600
N3—C14i1.326 (2)C9—H9C0.9600
N3—C141.326 (2)C11—H11A0.9600
N3—H30.92 (4)C11—H11B0.9600
C6—C71.4200 (19)C11—H11C0.9600
O2i—Cr1—O291.45 (7)O4—C2—O1124.63 (17)
O2—Cr1—O182.48 (5)O4—C2—C1121.68 (16)
O2—Cr1—O1i92.41 (5)C6—C5—H5119.8
O2i—Cr1—O192.41 (5)C4—C5—C6120.39 (15)
O2i—Cr1—O1i82.47 (5)C4—C5—H5119.8
O2—Cr1—O5i173.35 (5)O5—C3—C3i114.17 (8)
O2—Cr1—O593.41 (5)O6—C3—O5126.08 (14)
O2i—Cr1—O5173.35 (5)O6—C3—C3i119.75 (9)
O2i—Cr1—O5i93.41 (5)N1—C4—H4119.1
O1—Cr1—O1i172.70 (7)C5—C4—N1121.88 (15)
O1—Cr1—O5i92.78 (5)C5—C4—H4119.1
O1i—Cr1—O592.79 (5)N4—C12—C13122.15 (11)
O1—Cr1—O592.72 (5)N4—C12—C13i122.15 (11)
O1i—Cr1—O5i92.72 (5)C13—C12—C13i115.7 (2)
O5i—Cr1—O582.11 (6)N1—C8—C7121.82 (14)
C1—O2—Cr1115.12 (10)N1—C8—H8119.1
C2—O1—Cr1114.55 (10)C7—C8—H8119.1
C3—O5—Cr1114.77 (9)N2—C10—H10A109.5
H7WA—O7W—H7WB102 (2)N2—C10—H10B109.5
C6—N2—C10121.50 (13)N2—C10—H10C109.5
C6—N2—C9121.25 (15)H10A—C10—H10B109.5
C10—N2—C9117.18 (15)H10A—C10—H10C109.5
H8WA—O8W—H8WB108 (2)H10B—C10—H10C109.5
C4—N1—H1117.7 (13)C12—C13—H13120.0
C8—N1—C4119.70 (15)C14—C13—C12119.98 (17)
C8—N1—H1122.5 (13)C14—C13—H13120.0
C14—N3—C14i120.0 (3)N3—C14—C13122.18 (19)
C14i—N3—H3120.02 (13)N3—C14—H14118.9
C14—N3—H3120.01 (13)C13—C14—H14118.9
N2—C6—C7121.05 (14)N2—C9—H9A109.5
N2—C6—C5122.92 (13)N2—C9—H9B109.5
C5—C6—C7116.04 (14)N2—C9—H9C109.5
C12—N4—C11i120.94 (15)H9A—C9—H9B109.5
C12—N4—C11120.93 (15)H9A—C9—H9C109.5
C11i—N4—C11118.1 (3)H9B—C9—H9C109.5
O2—C1—C2113.93 (13)N4—C11—H11A109.5
O3—C1—O2125.85 (16)N4—C11—H11B109.5
O3—C1—C2120.19 (15)N4—C11—H11C109.5
C6—C7—H7119.9H11A—C11—H11B109.5
C8—C7—C6120.14 (14)H11A—C11—H11C109.5
C8—C7—H7119.9H11B—C11—H11C109.5
O1—C2—C1113.67 (13)
Cr1—O2—C1—O3−177.75 (14)C7—C6—C5—C4−2.3 (2)
Cr1—O2—C1—C24.37 (16)C5—C6—C7—C82.0 (2)
Cr1—O1—C2—O4178.94 (14)C4—N1—C8—C7−1.0 (2)
Cr1—O1—C2—C1−2.76 (16)C12—C13—C14—N3−0.1 (3)
Cr1—O5—C3—O6179.09 (15)C8—N1—C4—C50.7 (2)
Cr1—O5—C3—C3i−0.6 (2)C10—N2—C6—C71.3 (2)
O2—C1—C2—O1−1.05 (19)C10—N2—C6—C5−178.85 (16)
O2—C1—C2—O4177.30 (15)C13i—C12—C13—C140.02 (12)
O3—C1—C2—O1−179.06 (15)C14i—N3—C14—C130.03 (13)
O3—C1—C2—O4−0.7 (2)C9—N2—C6—C7178.16 (16)
N2—C6—C7—C8−178.10 (14)C9—N2—C6—C5−2.0 (3)
N2—C6—C5—C4177.81 (15)C11i—N4—C12—C13−179.27 (16)
C6—C7—C8—N1−0.4 (2)C11i—N4—C12—C13i0.74 (16)
C6—C5—C4—N11.0 (3)C11—N4—C12—C13i−179.26 (16)
N4—C12—C13—C14−179.98 (12)C11—N4—C12—C130.74 (16)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1···O8Wii0.91 (2)1.84 (2)2.702 (2)157.8 (19)
N3—H3···O6iii0.92 (4)2.12 (3)2.879 (3)139 (1)
N3—H3···O6iv0.92 (4)2.12 (3)2.879 (3)139 (1)
O7W—H7WA···O4i0.83 (1)1.99 (1)2.819 (2)178 (3)
O7W—H7WB···O1v0.82 (1)2.12 (1)2.9079 (19)161 (3)
O8W—H8WA···O7W0.81 (1)1.95 (1)2.7578 (19)172 (3)
O8W—H8WB···O6vi0.82 (1)1.99 (1)2.8007 (19)175 (3)
  6 in total

1.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

2.  4-(Dimethyl-amino)-pyridinium trans-diaqua-bis-[oxalato(2-)-κO,O]chromate(III).

Authors:  Justin Nenwa; Michel M Belombe; Jean Ngoune; Boniface P T Fokwa
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2010-10-13

3.  Comparison of silver and molybdenum microfocus X-ray sources for single-crystal structure determination.

Authors:  Lennard Krause; Regine Herbst-Irmer; George M Sheldrick; Dietmar Stalke
Journal:  J Appl Crystallogr       Date:  2015-01-30       Impact factor: 3.304

4.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

5.  Bis[4-(dimethyl-amino)-pyridinium] octa-aqua-chloridolanthanum(III) tetra-chloride trihydrate.

Authors:  Meriem Benslimane; Hocine Merazig; Jean-Claude Daran; Ouahida Zeghouan
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2012-10-03

6.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20
  6 in total

北京卡尤迪生物科技股份有限公司 © 2022-2023.