Literature DB >> 26594511

Crystal structure of (4R,5S,6R)-6-azido-5-benz-yloxy-3,3,4-tri-fluoro-azepan-1-ium 2,2,2-tri-fluoro-acetate from synchrotron data.

Alpesh Ramanlal Patel1, Mohan M Bhadbhade2, Fei Liu1.   

Abstract

The structure of the title compound, C15H16F6N4O3, was determined using synchrotron radiation on an extremely small crystal (0.015 × 0.01 × 0.01 mm). Although the diffraction was weak, leading to high residuals and a poor data-to-parameter ratio, the data allowed ready solution and refinement to reveal the entire structure. The solid-state structure is in accordance with the absolute configuration assigned based on that of the known starting material. The compound comprises a highly substituted seven-membered N-heterocyclic cation and a tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonate counter-anion. The title compound crystallizes with two independent cations (A and B) and anions (C and D) in the asymmetric unit. Two geminal F atoms, a single F atom, a benzyl ether and an azide group are substituted on consecutive C atoms between the NH2 and CH2 units of the azepan-1-ium ring system. The seven-membered rings adopt different conformations with the principal differences occurring in the CF2CHFCH2 segments of the ring systems. The geminal F atoms on the quaternary C atom exhibit essentially identical bond angles [109 (2) and 106 (2)°] in the two independent mol-ecules. The two mol-ecules associate as a dimeric unit via two C-H⋯F inter-actions. An extensive series of N-H⋯O, N-H⋯F, C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N, C-H⋯F and C-H⋯π contacts generate a three-dimensional network with cations and anions linked into ABCD repeat columns along a.

Entities:  

Keywords:  azepane; crystal structure; fluorination; fluorine gauche effect; hydrogen bonding

Year:  2015        PMID: 26594511      PMCID: PMC4645019          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015019416

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Fluorine is virtually absent in naturally occurring bioactive mol­ecules. However, about 20% of pharmaceuticals and 30% of agrochemicals have at least one fluorine atom (Müller et al., 2007 ▸; Isanbor & O’Hagan, 2006 ▸). Because fluorine is the most electronegative atom, it is small and forms very strong C—F bonds. The replacement of hydrogen by the bioisosteric fluorine in pharmacophores can lead to improved physical, chemical and biological properties (Ritter, 2012 ▸; Bégué & Bonnet-Delpon, 2006 ▸; Kirk, 2006 ▸). Substituted azepane rings are prevalent in many bioactive natural compounds (Wipf & Spencer, 2005 ▸; Núñez-Villanueva et al., 2011 ▸). Recently, substituted azepane rings and related compounds (imino­cyclitols or imino­sugars) have attracted considerable attention from medicinal chemists because of their great potential as glycosidase inhibitors (Stütz, 1999 ▸) and anti­diabetic (Pa­inter et al., 2004 ▸), anti­cancer (Zitzmann et al., 1999 ▸) and anti­viral agents (Laver et al., 1999 ▸) and are also effective against HIV (Sinnott, 1990 ▸). The conformational control of such flexible ring structures is important to their bioactivity. We have previously reported stereospecific de­oxy­fluorin­ation reactions of substituted seven-membered N-heterocycles such as azepanes (Patel & Liu, 2013 ▸, 2015 ▸; Patel et al., 2013 ▸, 2014 ▸). The fluorine atoms that were added were found to regulate the conformational preferences of the N-heterocycle rings, and these fluorine-directed conformational changes were analysed by NMR techniques in solution in conjunction with computational modelling. Solution conformation analysis of the trifluorinated azepane was found to be difficult, and its direct solid-state structural analysis was also not feasible without having to add various substituents (Patel et al., 2014 ▸). Incorporation of benz­yloxy and azide substituents in the 5- and 6-positions of the seven-membered ring led to crystal formation. However, the crystals were extremely small (0.015 × 0.01 × 0.01 mm) and diffraction data were obtained on the title trifluorinated azepane compound, C15H16F6N4O3 (1), directly using synchrotron radiation.

Structural commentary

The compound crystallizes in a chiral space group (monoclinic, P21) with two sets of cations and anions (mol­ecule A and B) in the asymmetric unit. Each cation has the same stereochemistry. An ORTEP view of the cation in mol­ecule A, Fig. 1 ▸, depicts the absolute configuration and atom-labelling scheme. The B cation and anion are labelled similarly but with trailing B characters after the atom numbers. The absolute configuration was assigned based on that of the known starting material.
Figure 1

One of the two mol­ecules (A) in the asymmetric unit, showing the atom numbering. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.

An alternative ORTEP view, Fig. 2 ▸, shows the asymmetric unit with association between A and B mol­ecules via two C—H⋯F inter­actions to form dimers. The asymmetric unit is completed by the two triflate anions C and D. These are variously linked in an A to C and B to D fashion by N—H⋯O, N—H⋯F, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds, Table 1 ▸.
Figure 2

A view of the complete asymmetric unit consisting of two mol­ecules of (1) and two tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate anions. In this and subsequent figures, hydrogen bonds are drawn as dashed lines.

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (, )

Cg1 and Cg2 are the mid-points of the C10AC11A and C10BC11B bonds, respectively.

DHA DHHA D A DHA
N1AH1AAO1D i 0.911.892.75(2)156
N1AH1ABO2D ii 0.911.792.677(19)163
N1BH1BAO1C iii 0.911.762.66(2)170
N1BH1BBO2C iv 0.911.852.75(2)167
N1AH1AAO1C 0.912.572.88(3)101
N1AH1ABO1C 0.912.572.88(3)101
N1BH1BBO2D v 0.912.632.94(3)101
N1BH1BAO2D v 0.912.702.94(3)96
N1AH1ABF3D i 0.912.603.010(16)108
N1BH1BBF3C iv 0.912.552.954(17)108
C4AH4AAO1C 0.992.473.12(3)122
C6AH6AO1D i 1.002.423.14(3)129
C4BH4BAO2D v 0.992.393.08(3)126
C6BH6BO2C iii 1.002.373.22(3)142
C12BH12BN4A vi 0.952.713.42(4)133
C4AH4AAF3B 0.992.503.29(3)137
C4AH4AAF3C v 0.992.693.27(3)118
C5AH5AAF1A 0.992.593.18(2)118
C5AH5ABF3D i 0.992.703.31(2)120
C6AH6AF3A 1.002.352.88(2)112
C4BH4BAF2A 0.992.553.39(3)142
C4BH4BAF3D 0.992.853.34(3)111
C5BH5BAF2B 0.992.512.95(2)107
C7BH7BAF1B 0.992.593.15(5)116
C7BH7BA Cg1v 0.992.873.73(4)146
C7AH7AA Cg2v 0.992.643.46(4)140

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) ; (v) ; (vi) .

The two mol­ecules differ significantly in their seven-membered ring conformations, in particular around C2 and C3 with significantly different torsion angles, Fig. 3 ▸, where the mol­ecules are involved in making dimeric contacts. Torsion angles within the two rings are shown in Fig. 3 ▸.
Figure 3

Conformations and torsion angles of the seven-membered rings of mol­ecules A and B.

Ring conformation analysis

A computational analysis of ring conformations of compound (1) was carried out using protocols reported earlier (Patel et al., 2013 ▸, 2014 ▸). Conformers were first generated by the stochastic method and minimized in the MMFF94x force field with chloro­form as the solvent to produce nine conformational clusters within 3–5 kcal mol−1 in energy that are distinct in their azepane-ring conformations, Fig. 4 ▸. Representative conformers were then subjected to DFT geometry optimization [SV(P) basis set at the B3LYP level in COSMO solvent chloro­form]. Two of the nine ring geometries (geometries vi and vii, Fig. 4 ▸) found by this computational analysis matched to geometries A and B of compound (1) in the unit cell, respectively. Hence the X-ray structure reported here for (1) validates our conformational analysis methodology as reported earlier (Patel et al., 2013 ▸, 2014 ▸).
Figure 4

Nine conformations of compound (1) found by computational analysis. The number in parenthesis is the relative energy in kcal mol−1.

Supra­molecular features

In the crystal structure, C anions form chains along the a-axis direction through F3C⋯O1C contacts at a distance of 2.78 (2) Å. Each anion further connects to an A cation with O1C accepting three interactions and N1A as a bifurcated donor, leading to the formation of N1A—H1AA⋯O1C, N1A—H1AB⋯O1C and C4A—H4AA⋯O1C hydrogen bonds and generating (4) and (5) ring motifs, respectively (Bernstein et al., 1995 ▸). These contacts generate columns of A mol­ecules along a. These columns are further supported by weak C7A—H7AA⋯Cg2 contacts (Cg2 is the mid-point of the C10A—C11A bond of the C8A–C13A phenyl ring), Fig. 5 ▸. Similarly, B cations are linked to D anions with O2D accepting three interactions and forming N1B—-H1BA⋯O2D, N1B—H1BB⋯O2D and C4B—H4BA⋯O2D hydrogen bonds. Unlike the AC system however, a C4B—H4BA⋯F1D hydrogen bond completes the B⋯D cation–anion contacts. These generate (4) and (5) ring motifs respectively. Weak C7B—H7BA⋯Cg1 contacts (Cg1 is the midpoint of the C10B–C11B bond of the C8B–C13B phenyl ring) link adjacent B mol­ecules, also forming columns of B cations and D anions along the a-axis direction, Fig. 6 ▸. Contacts between the A and B cations are limited to very weak C12B—H12B⋯N4A hydrogen bonds linking adjacent columns of A and B cations, Fig. 7 ▸. This eclectic mixture of contacts generates columns with an ABCD repeat unit in the direction of the a axis, Fig. 8 ▸. Additional N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯F contacts result in a three-dimensional network of cations and anions stacked along c.
Figure 5

Inter­molecular contacts between A cations and C anions viewed along c. Midpoints of the C10A—C11A bonds are shown as coloured spheres.

Figure 6

Inter­molecular contacts between B cations and D anions viewed along c. Midpoints of the C10B—C11B bonds are shown as coloured spheres.

Figure 7

Inter­molecular contacts between the A and B cations viewed along c. Mid-points of the C10A—C11A and C10B—C11B bonds are shown as coloured spheres.

Figure 8

Packing of mol­ecules in the unit cell viewed along c. Mol­ecules A (green) and B (blue), tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate anions C (red) and D (yellow). Hydrogen-bonding contacts are shown as dashed lines.

Database survey

A survey of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.36, with three updates) (Groom & Allen, 2014 ▸) reveals the crystal structures of 11 unsubstituted azepanium (hexa­methyl­eneiminium) cations with a variety of counter-anions, see for example: Verlooy et al. (2010 ▸); Bakshi et al. (1994 ▸); Moritani et al. (1987 ▸); Kashino et al. (1981 ▸); Cameron & Scheeren (1977 ▸). Two of these salts also form co-crystals, Moritani & Kashino (2002 ▸); Misaki et al. (1989 ▸). However the structure of (3R,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihy­droxy-3-methyl azepanium chloride is the only one to be reported of a substituted azepanium salt, Li et al. (2008 ▸), highlighting the novelty of the present report.

Synthesis and crystallization

(4R,5S,6R)-6-Azido-5-benz­yloxy-3,3,4-tri­fluoro­azepane-1-carb­oxy­lic acid-tert-butyl ester (10 mg, 25.0 µ mol) was dissolved in tri­fluoro­acetic acid (TFA, 500 µL) at 298 K. The solution was allowed to stir for 5 min before the TFA was evaporated under an N2 flow. The reaction flask was kept under high vacuum (0.005 torr, 298 K) for 3 h to remove traces of TFA. A colorless, oily residue was obtained which was recrystallized from di­chloro­methane to give colorless needles characterized as (1) (10.0 mg, 97%). 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.44–7.34 (m, 5H), 4.93 (dd, J = 44.19 (1 J HF), 14.7 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (d, J = 11.44 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 11.44 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (dd, J = 8.71, 8.68 Hz, 1H), 3.89–3.82 (m, 1H), 3.67–3.57 (m, 2H), 3.48 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (dd, J = 14.0, 9.70 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ 135.7, 129.0, 128.5, 128.5, 118.4 (dd, 1 J CF = 247.66 Hz, 2 J CF = 28.07 Hz), 90.2 (ddd, 1 J CF = 186.03 Hz, 2 J CF = 34.98 Hz, 2 J CF = 27.82 Hz), 79.6 (dd, 2 J CF = 24.93 Hz, 3 J CF = 7.20 Hz), 73.9, 60.6, 45.8 (dd, 2 J CF = 39.76 Hz, 2 J CF = 25.66 Hz), 45.6.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. All H atoms were refined using a riding model, with N—H = 0.91 Å, C—H = 0.95 Å for aromatic, 1.00 Å for methine and 0.99 Å for methyl­ene, all with U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(N/C). Because of the lower reflections-to-parameter ratio, anisotropic displacement parameters of several atoms in the least-squares refinement had to be restrained using the RIGU command. These were applied to azide groups, atoms in the seven-membered and a few atoms in phenyl rings.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC13H16F3N4O+C2F3O2
M r 414.32
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21
Temperature (K)100
a, b, c ()5.8780(12), 34.503(7), 8.8120(18)
()92.42(3)
V (3)1785.6(6)
Z 4
Radiation typeSynchrotron, = 0.7293
(mm1)0.16
Crystal size (mm)0.015 0.01 0.01
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker APEXII CCD
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2(I)] reflections13709, 3642, 2175
R int 0.386
max ()21.5
(sin /)max (1)0.502
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.116, 0.261, 0.97
No. of reflections3642
No. of parameters505
No. of restraints193
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
max, min (e 3)0.56, 0.41

Computer programs: XDS (Kabsch, 2010 ▸), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ▸) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I, global. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015019416/sj5470sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015019416/sj5470Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015019416/sj5470Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 1431203 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C13H16F3N4O+·C2F3O2Z = 4
Mr = 414.32F(000) = 848
Monoclinic, P21Dx = 1.541 Mg m3
a = 5.8780 (12) ÅSynchrotron radiation, λ = 0.7293 Å
b = 34.503 (7) ŵ = 0.16 mm1
c = 8.8120 (18) ÅT = 100 K
β = 92.42 (3)°Plate, colourless
V = 1785.6 (6) Å30.02 × 0.01 × 0.01 mm
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometerRint = 0.386
ω scansθmax = 21.5°, θmin = 2.4°
13709 measured reflectionsh = −5→5
3642 independent reflectionsk = −34→34
2175 reflections with I > 2σ(I)l = −8→8
Refinement on F2Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: fullH-atom parameters constrained
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.116w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0001P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
wR(F2) = 0.261(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
S = 0.97Δρmax = 0.56 e Å3
3642 reflectionsΔρmin = −0.41 e Å3
505 parametersAbsolute structure: Flack x determined using 390 quotients [(I+)-(I-)]/[(I+)+(I-)] (Parsons et al., 2013)
193 restraintsAbsolute structure parameter: 2.2 (10)
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O1A0.606 (3)0.3889 (6)0.6446 (15)0.067 (5)
F1A1.1433 (19)0.4338 (5)0.6460 (13)0.062 (4)
F2A0.923 (2)0.4956 (5)0.7835 (11)0.080 (5)
F3A0.615 (2)0.4787 (4)0.6578 (10)0.050 (3)
N1A0.835 (3)0.4880 (5)0.3749 (14)0.035 (4)
H1AA0.68420.49430.36860.042*
H1AB0.90390.50180.30200.042*
N2A0.627 (4)0.3894 (7)0.3202 (19)0.066 (6)
N3A0.444 (5)0.3736 (8)0.351 (2)0.069 (7)
N4A0.278 (4)0.3579 (9)0.373 (2)0.090 (9)
C1A0.794 (3)0.4058 (7)0.571 (2)0.042 (5)
H1A0.90330.38480.54540.051*
C2A0.913 (4)0.4343 (7)0.668 (2)0.044 (5)
H2A0.89380.42580.77510.053*
C3A0.844 (3)0.4777 (7)0.6604 (17)0.034 (4)
C4A0.928 (3)0.5013 (7)0.5242 (17)0.039 (5)
H4AA0.88690.52890.53790.046*
H4AB1.09670.49980.52470.046*
C5A0.855 (3)0.4469 (7)0.337 (2)0.042 (5)
H5AA1.01210.43810.36250.050*
H5AB0.82430.44330.22700.050*
C6A0.691 (3)0.4228 (7)0.423 (2)0.043 (5)
H6A0.55230.43840.44460.051*
C7A0.678 (4)0.3547 (9)0.737 (3)0.070 (8)
H7AA0.79740.36180.81420.084*
H7AB0.73590.33390.67160.084*
C8A0.465 (4)0.3422 (9)0.810 (2)0.062 (6)
C9A0.373 (5)0.3642 (11)0.921 (3)0.081 (7)
H9A0.43460.38870.94910.097*
C10A0.178 (5)0.3483 (11)0.994 (3)0.082 (7)
H10A0.10490.36301.06920.098*
C11A0.099 (5)0.3121 (10)0.955 (3)0.079 (7)
H11A−0.02170.30101.00910.095*
C12A0.182 (5)0.2932 (11)0.848 (3)0.084 (7)
H12A0.11020.26990.81480.101*
C13A0.375 (5)0.3053 (11)0.778 (3)0.080 (7)
H13A0.44780.28870.70910.096*
O1B0.613 (3)0.6932 (5)0.8311 (16)0.060 (4)
F1B0.916 (3)0.6548 (5)0.6524 (12)0.079 (5)
F2B1.1956 (19)0.6200 (4)0.8697 (11)0.055 (4)
F3B1.005 (2)0.5828 (5)0.7138 (11)0.067 (4)
N1B0.961 (3)0.5980 (6)1.1146 (16)0.036 (4)
H1BA0.87660.58501.18250.044*
H1BB1.10990.59221.13640.044*
N2B0.682 (3)0.6932 (7)1.1396 (17)0.060 (6)
N3B0.485 (4)0.7051 (7)1.1158 (18)0.067 (6)
N4B0.313 (4)0.7214 (9)1.101 (2)0.081 (8)
C1B0.792 (4)0.6723 (7)0.891 (2)0.045 (5)
H1B0.93060.68920.89600.054*
C2B0.830 (4)0.6396 (7)0.7792 (19)0.046 (5)
H2B0.67670.62850.74980.055*
C3B0.983 (4)0.6055 (7)0.836 (2)0.045 (5)
C4B0.898 (4)0.5830 (8)0.9578 (18)0.044 (5)
H4BA0.95600.55620.94940.052*
H4BB0.73000.58190.94570.052*
C5B0.930 (4)0.6390 (8)1.137 (2)0.048 (5)
H5BA1.07150.65201.10790.058*
H5BB0.91600.64331.24710.058*
C6B0.734 (4)0.6602 (8)1.057 (2)0.050 (5)
H6B0.59770.64281.05170.060*
C7B0.666 (5)0.7294 (11)0.765 (4)0.098 (12)
H7BA0.78930.72570.69330.117*
H7BB0.72280.74730.84600.117*
C8B0.471 (4)0.7466 (9)0.686 (2)0.064 (6)
C9B0.369 (5)0.7277 (11)0.557 (3)0.090 (9)
H9B0.42880.70440.51750.109*
C10B0.176 (5)0.7452 (10)0.492 (3)0.080 (8)
H10B0.10560.73280.40580.097*
C11B0.078 (5)0.7791 (10)0.541 (3)0.078 (7)
H11B−0.05430.78950.49080.094*
C12B0.180 (4)0.7969 (11)0.665 (3)0.082 (8)
H12B0.11410.82000.70200.098*
C13B0.375 (5)0.7826 (10)0.737 (3)0.076 (7)
H13B0.44600.79630.82040.092*
O1C0.709 (3)0.5680 (5)0.3297 (14)0.052 (5)
O2C0.420 (2)0.5922 (6)0.1855 (13)0.055 (5)
F1C0.440 (2)0.5625 (5)0.5606 (11)0.074 (5)
F2C0.414 (2)0.6230 (5)0.5063 (14)0.077 (5)
F3C0.1583 (19)0.5832 (5)0.4231 (9)0.071 (5)
C1C0.382 (3)0.5872 (8)0.447 (2)0.042 (6)
C2C0.519 (4)0.5805 (6)0.306 (2)0.033 (5)
O1D0.378 (2)0.4904 (5)1.2965 (13)0.047 (4)
O2D0.090 (2)0.5162 (5)1.1558 (11)0.045 (4)
F1D0.366 (2)0.5249 (4)0.9285 (10)0.054 (3)
F2D0.375 (2)0.4654 (5)0.9654 (12)0.071 (4)
F3D0.638 (2)0.5015 (5)1.0584 (11)0.066 (4)
C1D0.420 (3)0.4990 (8)1.0293 (18)0.037 (4)
C2D0.281 (4)0.5034 (7)1.1753 (19)0.036 (6)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O1A0.045 (10)0.100 (17)0.058 (9)0.007 (10)0.001 (7)0.006 (10)
F1A0.035 (8)0.079 (12)0.070 (7)0.005 (7)−0.004 (5)0.024 (8)
F2A0.097 (10)0.120 (15)0.022 (6)−0.010 (10)−0.007 (5)−0.020 (7)
F3A0.060 (8)0.051 (10)0.042 (6)−0.004 (7)0.013 (5)−0.006 (6)
N1A0.036 (9)0.043 (10)0.026 (6)−0.004 (7)0.002 (5)−0.004 (6)
N2A0.077 (14)0.070 (17)0.050 (10)−0.010 (12)−0.007 (9)−0.024 (11)
N3A0.078 (15)0.075 (18)0.053 (11)−0.007 (12)−0.012 (10)−0.010 (11)
N4A0.090 (16)0.11 (2)0.068 (12)−0.036 (14)0.005 (11)−0.046 (13)
C1A0.033 (12)0.050 (11)0.044 (8)0.005 (8)−0.002 (7)0.004 (7)
C2A0.058 (13)0.046 (10)0.028 (8)−0.006 (8)−0.001 (8)0.007 (7)
C3A0.035 (12)0.047 (10)0.020 (8)−0.009 (8)−0.003 (7)−0.005 (7)
C4A0.055 (12)0.036 (11)0.024 (6)−0.008 (9)0.000 (6)−0.006 (7)
C5A0.046 (11)0.043 (10)0.037 (9)−0.002 (8)−0.002 (7)−0.006 (7)
C6A0.042 (11)0.043 (12)0.043 (8)0.006 (8)−0.004 (7)0.003 (8)
C7A0.067 (17)0.07 (2)0.077 (15)0.031 (16)0.012 (12)0.042 (16)
C8A0.075 (14)0.075 (16)0.034 (10)0.012 (11)−0.018 (9)0.019 (9)
C9A0.091 (16)0.091 (17)0.060 (13)0.011 (12)−0.005 (10)0.002 (11)
C10A0.094 (16)0.098 (17)0.053 (12)0.011 (12)0.000 (10)0.013 (12)
C11A0.093 (15)0.088 (17)0.056 (12)0.016 (12)−0.014 (10)0.032 (11)
C12A0.086 (16)0.097 (17)0.070 (14)0.002 (12)−0.012 (10)0.013 (12)
C13A0.090 (16)0.084 (17)0.066 (13)0.002 (11)−0.008 (10)0.004 (11)
O1B0.068 (10)0.048 (13)0.062 (8)0.003 (9)−0.020 (7)0.015 (9)
F1B0.128 (12)0.080 (13)0.030 (6)−0.003 (10)0.007 (7)0.019 (7)
F2B0.045 (8)0.072 (11)0.049 (6)−0.009 (7)0.012 (5)0.017 (7)
F3B0.100 (11)0.077 (12)0.027 (6)−0.002 (9)0.018 (6)−0.001 (7)
N1B0.030 (9)0.043 (10)0.036 (7)−0.004 (7)−0.003 (6)0.004 (6)
N2B0.067 (11)0.072 (17)0.040 (9)0.004 (11)−0.004 (9)−0.023 (10)
N3B0.062 (12)0.085 (19)0.053 (10)0.007 (11)0.008 (10)−0.006 (11)
N4B0.067 (12)0.10 (2)0.078 (13)0.017 (12)0.000 (10)−0.019 (14)
C1B0.044 (12)0.052 (12)0.038 (8)−0.014 (9)−0.013 (7)0.008 (7)
C2B0.058 (12)0.050 (11)0.028 (8)−0.022 (8)−0.005 (7)0.014 (7)
C3B0.060 (12)0.051 (12)0.024 (8)−0.017 (9)−0.012 (7)0.007 (8)
C4B0.052 (12)0.047 (11)0.031 (7)−0.005 (9)−0.003 (7)0.010 (7)
C5B0.056 (11)0.050 (10)0.037 (9)−0.004 (9)−0.008 (8)−0.001 (8)
C6B0.051 (11)0.057 (14)0.042 (8)−0.008 (9)−0.006 (7)0.008 (8)
C7B0.09 (2)0.09 (3)0.11 (2)−0.034 (19)−0.037 (16)0.08 (2)
C8B0.065 (13)0.081 (17)0.046 (10)0.005 (11)0.004 (9)0.020 (10)
C9B0.098 (15)0.098 (18)0.073 (13)0.031 (13)−0.027 (11)−0.004 (12)
C10B0.091 (15)0.092 (18)0.057 (12)0.018 (12)−0.010 (10)0.019 (11)
C11B0.072 (15)0.087 (18)0.075 (13)0.008 (12)−0.007 (10)0.018 (11)
C12B0.069 (14)0.100 (18)0.076 (13)0.013 (12)−0.003 (10)0.004 (12)
C13B0.071 (14)0.093 (18)0.064 (12)0.008 (11)−0.003 (10)0.008 (11)
O1C0.036 (9)0.077 (14)0.043 (7)0.014 (9)−0.007 (6)−0.002 (8)
O2C0.035 (8)0.108 (16)0.022 (7)−0.011 (9)−0.005 (6)0.003 (8)
F1C0.063 (8)0.130 (16)0.028 (6)0.010 (9)0.010 (5)0.020 (8)
F2C0.085 (10)0.091 (15)0.055 (7)0.010 (10)0.010 (6)−0.027 (9)
F3C0.044 (9)0.151 (17)0.019 (5)0.010 (8)0.003 (5)−0.004 (7)
C1C0.028 (14)0.08 (2)0.020 (10)−0.002 (12)−0.002 (9)−0.012 (13)
C2C0.047 (15)0.016 (14)0.038 (12)−0.010 (11)0.004 (11)−0.002 (10)
O1D0.035 (8)0.070 (13)0.037 (7)0.006 (8)0.013 (6)0.012 (8)
O2D0.028 (9)0.087 (14)0.020 (6)0.020 (8)0.009 (5)0.006 (7)
F1D0.060 (7)0.089 (9)0.013 (5)0.004 (6)0.003 (4)0.016 (5)
F2D0.099 (10)0.078 (10)0.038 (6)0.001 (7)0.015 (6)−0.016 (6)
F3D0.040 (6)0.116 (13)0.043 (6)0.008 (6)0.003 (5)0.019 (7)
C1D0.039 (9)0.059 (10)0.012 (8)0.006 (7)0.000 (7)−0.001 (7)
C2D0.030 (13)0.050 (17)0.027 (11)0.012 (12)0.000 (9)−0.001 (10)
O1A—C1A1.43 (3)N1B—H1BB0.9100
O1A—C7A1.48 (3)N1B—C4B1.51 (2)
F1A—C2A1.37 (2)N1B—C5B1.44 (3)
F2A—C3A1.31 (2)N2B—N3B1.24 (3)
F3A—C3A1.34 (2)N2B—C6B1.39 (3)
N1A—H1AA0.9100N3B—N4B1.16 (3)
N1A—H1AB0.9100C1B—H1B1.0000
N1A—C4A1.48 (2)C1B—C2B1.52 (3)
N1A—C5A1.46 (3)C1B—C6B1.57 (3)
N2A—N3A1.25 (3)C2B—H2B1.0000
N2A—C6A1.50 (3)C2B—C3B1.55 (3)
N3A—N4A1.14 (3)C3B—C4B1.43 (3)
C1A—H1A1.0000C4B—H4BA0.9900
C1A—C2A1.46 (3)C4B—H4BB0.9900
C1A—C6A1.53 (3)C5B—H5BA0.9900
C2A—H2A1.0000C5B—H5BB0.9900
C2A—C3A1.55 (3)C5B—C6B1.51 (3)
C3A—C4A1.55 (3)C6B—H6B1.0000
C4A—H4AA0.9900C7B—H7BA0.9900
C4A—H4AB0.9900C7B—H7BB0.9900
C5A—H5AA0.9900C7B—C8B1.45 (4)
C5A—H5AB0.9900C8B—C9B1.42 (4)
C5A—C6A1.50 (3)C8B—C13B1.45 (4)
C6A—H6A1.0000C9B—H9B0.9500
C7A—H7AA0.9900C9B—C10B1.38 (4)
C7A—H7AB0.9900C10B—H10B0.9500
C7A—C8A1.50 (4)C10B—C11B1.38 (4)
C8A—C9A1.37 (4)C11B—H11B0.9500
C8A—C13A1.40 (4)C11B—C12B1.37 (4)
C9A—H9A0.9500C12B—H12B0.9500
C9A—C10A1.44 (4)C12B—C13B1.38 (4)
C10A—H10A0.9500C13B—H13B0.9500
C10A—C11A1.37 (4)O1C—C2C1.21 (2)
C11A—H11A0.9500O2C—C2C1.26 (2)
C11A—C12A1.26 (4)F1C—C1C1.35 (3)
C12A—H12A0.9500F2C—C1C1.35 (3)
C12A—C13A1.38 (4)F3C—C1C1.33 (2)
C13A—H13A0.9500C1C—C2C1.53 (3)
O1B—C1B1.36 (3)O1D—C2D1.27 (2)
O1B—C7B1.42 (3)O2D—C2D1.21 (2)
F1B—C2B1.35 (2)F1D—C1D1.29 (3)
F2B—C3B1.37 (2)F2D—C1D1.31 (3)
F3B—C3B1.34 (2)F3D—C1D1.30 (2)
N1B—H1BA0.9100C1D—C2D1.56 (3)
C1A—O1A—C7A111.5 (17)O1B—C1B—H1B108.8
H1AA—N1A—H1AB107.1O1B—C1B—C2B105.9 (15)
C4A—N1A—H1AA107.8O1B—C1B—C6B107.8 (18)
C4A—N1A—H1AB107.8C2B—C1B—H1B108.8
C5A—N1A—H1AA107.8C2B—C1B—C6B116.6 (19)
C5A—N1A—H1AB107.8C6B—C1B—H1B108.8
C5A—N1A—C4A118.2 (17)F1B—C2B—C1B108.4 (18)
N3A—N2A—C6A113.7 (18)F1B—C2B—H2B107.3
N4A—N3A—N2A177 (3)F1B—C2B—C3B108.9 (18)
O1A—C1A—H1A108.8C1B—C2B—H2B107.3
O1A—C1A—C2A111.7 (16)C1B—C2B—C3B117.1 (15)
O1A—C1A—C6A104.8 (15)C3B—C2B—H2B107.3
C2A—C1A—H1A108.8F2B—C3B—C2B107.8 (18)
C2A—C1A—C6A113.8 (19)F2B—C3B—C4B112.1 (15)
C6A—C1A—H1A108.8F3B—C3B—F2B105.8 (18)
F1A—C2A—C1A111.1 (18)F3B—C3B—C2B105.2 (14)
F1A—C2A—H2A106.5F3B—C3B—C4B110 (2)
F1A—C2A—C3A105.3 (17)C4B—C3B—C2B116 (2)
C1A—C2A—H2A106.5N1B—C4B—H4BA108.5
C1A—C2A—C3A120.3 (17)N1B—C4B—H4BB108.5
C3A—C2A—H2A106.5C3B—C4B—N1B115 (2)
F2A—C3A—F3A108.7 (15)C3B—C4B—H4BA108.5
F2A—C3A—C2A109.5 (16)C3B—C4B—H4BB108.5
F2A—C3A—C4A106.2 (18)H4BA—C4B—H4BB107.5
F3A—C3A—C2A106.6 (17)N1B—C5B—H5BA107.1
F3A—C3A—C4A109.1 (15)N1B—C5B—H5BB107.1
C4A—C3A—C2A116.6 (17)N1B—C5B—C6B120.7 (19)
N1A—C4A—C3A114.0 (17)H5BA—C5B—H5BB106.8
N1A—C4A—H4AA108.8C6B—C5B—H5BA107.1
N1A—C4A—H4AB108.8C6B—C5B—H5BB107.1
C3A—C4A—H4AA108.8N2B—C6B—C1B109 (2)
C3A—C4A—H4AB108.8N2B—C6B—C5B109.3 (18)
H4AA—C4A—H4AB107.7N2B—C6B—H6B108.8
N1A—C5A—H5AA109.4C1B—C6B—H6B108.8
N1A—C5A—H5AB109.4C5B—C6B—C1B111.8 (19)
N1A—C5A—C6A111.3 (16)C5B—C6B—H6B108.8
H5AA—C5A—H5AB108.0O1B—C7B—H7BA109.2
C6A—C5A—H5AA109.4O1B—C7B—H7BB109.2
C6A—C5A—H5AB109.4O1B—C7B—C8B112 (2)
N2A—C6A—C1A107.4 (19)H7BA—C7B—H7BB107.9
N2A—C6A—H6A110.0C8B—C7B—H7BA109.2
C1A—C6A—H6A110.0C8B—C7B—H7BB109.2
C5A—C6A—N2A105.6 (16)C9B—C8B—C7B120 (3)
C5A—C6A—C1A113.6 (16)C9B—C8B—C13B119 (2)
C5A—C6A—H6A110.0C13B—C8B—C7B121 (3)
O1A—C7A—H7AA111.0C8B—C9B—H9B121.9
O1A—C7A—H7AB111.0C10B—C9B—C8B116 (3)
O1A—C7A—C8A103.9 (18)C10B—C9B—H9B121.9
H7AA—C7A—H7AB109.0C9B—C10B—H10B117.2
C8A—C7A—H7AA111.0C11B—C10B—C9B126 (3)
C8A—C7A—H7AB111.0C11B—C10B—H10B117.2
C9A—C8A—C7A121 (3)C10B—C11B—H11B121.4
C9A—C8A—C13A119 (3)C12B—C11B—C10B117 (3)
C13A—C8A—C7A119 (3)C12B—C11B—H11B121.4
C8A—C9A—H9A121.5C11B—C12B—H12B118.8
C8A—C9A—C10A117 (3)C11B—C12B—C13B122 (3)
C10A—C9A—H9A121.5C13B—C12B—H12B118.8
C9A—C10A—H10A120.0C8B—C13B—H13B120.5
C11A—C10A—C9A120 (3)C12B—C13B—C8B119 (3)
C11A—C10A—H10A120.0C12B—C13B—H13B120.5
C10A—C11A—H11A119.4F1C—C1C—F2C105.5 (15)
C12A—C11A—C10A121 (3)F1C—C1C—C2C112.4 (19)
C12A—C11A—H11A119.4F2C—C1C—C2C112.3 (19)
C11A—C12A—H12A119.0F3C—C1C—F1C105.9 (17)
C11A—C12A—C13A122 (4)F3C—C1C—F2C106.2 (19)
C13A—C12A—H12A119.0F3C—C1C—C2C114.0 (15)
C8A—C13A—H13A120.2O1C—C2C—O2C130.8 (17)
C12A—C13A—C8A120 (3)O1C—C2C—C1C115.5 (17)
C12A—C13A—H13A120.2O2C—C2C—C1C113.4 (19)
C1B—O1B—C7B116.5 (19)F1D—C1D—F2D106.0 (14)
H1BA—N1B—H1BB107.4F1D—C1D—F3D107.8 (18)
C4B—N1B—H1BA108.4F1D—C1D—C2D112.2 (18)
C4B—N1B—H1BB108.4F2D—C1D—C2D109.7 (19)
C5B—N1B—H1BA108.4F3D—C1D—F2D108.8 (19)
C5B—N1B—H1BB108.4F3D—C1D—C2D112.2 (15)
C5B—N1B—C4B115.7 (16)O1D—C2D—C1D115.4 (17)
N3B—N2B—C6B113.9 (19)O2D—C2D—O1D128.7 (16)
N4B—N3B—N2B170 (3)O2D—C2D—C1D115.6 (15)
O1A—C1A—C2A—F1A145.1 (17)F1B—C2B—C3B—F3B−51 (2)
O1A—C1A—C2A—C3A−91 (2)F1B—C2B—C3B—C4B−172.2 (18)
O1A—C1A—C6A—N2A−71 (2)F2B—C3B—C4B—N1B37 (3)
O1A—C1A—C6A—C5A172.1 (19)F3B—C3B—C4B—N1B153.7 (17)
O1A—C7A—C8A—C9A−70 (3)N1B—C5B—C6B—N2B155.3 (19)
O1A—C7A—C8A—C13A118 (2)N1B—C5B—C6B—C1B−84 (3)
F1A—C2A—C3A—F2A−72.0 (17)N3B—N2B—C6B—C1B81 (2)
F1A—C2A—C3A—F3A170.6 (12)N3B—N2B—C6B—C5B−157 (2)
F1A—C2A—C3A—C4A48.5 (19)C1B—O1B—C7B—C8B171 (2)
F2A—C3A—C4A—N1A−173.5 (17)C1B—C2B—C3B—F2B−62 (2)
F3A—C3A—C4A—N1A−57 (2)C1B—C2B—C3B—F3B−174.5 (17)
N1A—C5A—C6A—N2A148.0 (17)C1B—C2B—C3B—C4B64 (3)
N1A—C5A—C6A—C1A−94 (2)C2B—C1B—C6B—N2B−174.0 (19)
N3A—N2A—C6A—C1A80 (2)C2B—C1B—C6B—C5B65 (3)
N3A—N2A—C6A—C5A−159 (2)C2B—C3B—C4B—N1B−88 (2)
C1A—O1A—C7A—C8A177.4 (19)C4B—N1B—C5B—C6B35 (3)
C1A—C2A—C3A—F2A161.7 (17)C5B—N1B—C4B—C3B47 (3)
C1A—C2A—C3A—F3A44 (2)C6B—N2B—N3B—N4B−158 (12)
C1A—C2A—C3A—C4A−78 (2)C6B—C1B—C2B—F1B−169.4 (16)
C2A—C1A—C6A—N2A166.2 (18)C6B—C1B—C2B—C3B−46 (3)
C2A—C1A—C6A—C5A50 (2)C7B—O1B—C1B—C2B−105 (2)
C2A—C3A—C4A—N1A64 (2)C7B—O1B—C1B—C6B129 (2)
C4A—N1A—C5A—C6A74 (2)C7B—C8B—C9B—C10B177 (3)
C5A—N1A—C4A—C3A−52 (2)C7B—C8B—C13B—C12B−176 (3)
C6A—C1A—C2A—F1A−97 (2)C8B—C9B—C10B—C11B0 (5)
C6A—C1A—C2A—C3A27 (3)C9B—C8B—C13B—C12B3 (4)
C7A—O1A—C1A—C2A−87 (2)C9B—C10B—C11B—C12B0 (5)
C7A—O1A—C1A—C6A148.9 (19)C10B—C11B—C12B—C13B1 (4)
C7A—C8A—C9A—C10A−175 (2)C11B—C12B—C13B—C8B−3 (4)
C7A—C8A—C13A—C12A178 (2)C13B—C8B—C9B—C10B−2 (4)
C8A—C9A—C10A—C11A2 (4)F1C—C1C—C2C—O1C−30 (3)
C9A—C8A—C13A—C12A7 (4)F1C—C1C—C2C—O2C155.7 (18)
C9A—C10A—C11A—C12A−5 (4)F2C—C1C—C2C—O1C89 (2)
C10A—C11A—C12A—C13A9 (5)F2C—C1C—C2C—O2C−86 (2)
C11A—C12A—C13A—C8A−9 (4)F3C—C1C—C2C—O1C−150 (2)
C13A—C8A—C9A—C10A−3 (3)F3C—C1C—C2C—O2C35 (3)
O1B—C1B—C2B—F1B71 (2)F1D—C1D—C2D—O1D−154.0 (19)
O1B—C1B—C2B—C3B−165.6 (17)F1D—C1D—C2D—O2D31 (3)
O1B—C1B—C6B—N2B−55 (2)F2D—C1D—C2D—O1D89 (2)
O1B—C1B—C6B—C5B−176 (2)F2D—C1D—C2D—O2D−86 (3)
O1B—C7B—C8B—C9B−64 (4)F3D—C1D—C2D—O1D−32 (3)
O1B—C7B—C8B—C13B115 (3)F3D—C1D—C2D—O2D153 (2)
F1B—C2B—C3B—F2B61 (2)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1A—H1AA···O1Di0.911.892.75 (2)156
N1A—H1AB···O2Dii0.911.792.677 (19)163
N1B—H1BA···O1Ciii0.911.762.66 (2)170
N1B—H1BB···O2Civ0.911.852.75 (2)167
N1A—H1AA···O1C0.912.572.88 (3)101
N1A—H1AB···O1C0.912.572.88 (3)101
N1B—H1BB···O2Dv0.912.632.94 (3)101
N1B—H1BA···O2Dv0.912.702.94 (3)96
N1A—H1AB···F3Di0.912.603.010 (16)108
N1B—H1BB···F3Civ0.912.552.954 (17)108
C4A—H4AA···O1C0.992.473.12 (3)122
C6A—H6A···O1Di1.002.423.14 (3)129
C4B—H4BA···O2Dv0.992.393.08 (3)126
C6B—H6B···O2Ciii1.002.373.22 (3)142
C12B—H12B···N4Avi0.952.713.42 (4)133
C4A—H4AA···F3B0.992.503.29 (3)137
C4A—H4AA···F3Cv0.992.693.27 (3)118
C5A—H5AA···F1A0.992.593.18 (2)118
C5A—H5AB···F3Di0.992.703.31 (2)120
C6A—H6A···F3A1.002.352.88 (2)112
C4B—H4BA···F2A0.992.553.39 (3)142
C4B—H4BA···F3D0.992.853.34 (3)111
C5B—H5BA···F2B0.992.512.95 (2)107
C7B—H7BA···F1B0.992.593.15 (5)116
C7B—H7BA···Cg1v0.992.873.73 (4)146
C7A—H7AA···Cg2v0.992.643.46 (4)140
  12 in total

1.  The Cambridge Structural Database in retrospect and prospect.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Frank H Allen
Journal:  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl       Date:  2014-01-02       Impact factor: 15.336

2.  Conformational regulation of substituted azepanes through selective monofluorination.

Authors:  Alpesh Ramanlal Patel; Graham Ball; Luke Hunter; Fei Liu
Journal:  Org Biomol Chem       Date:  2013-06-21       Impact factor: 3.876

3.  Disarming flu viruses.

Authors:  W G Laver; N Bischofberger; R G Webster
Journal:  Sci Am       Date:  1999-01       Impact factor: 2.142

4.  Quaternary α,α-2-oxoazepane α-amino acids: synthesis from ornithine-derived β-lactams and incorporation into model dipeptides.

Authors:  Diego Núñez-Villanueva; M Ángeles Bonache; Lourdes Infantes; M Teresa García-López; Mercedes Martín-Martínez; Rosario González-Muñiz
Journal:  J Org Chem       Date:  2011-07-18       Impact factor: 4.354

5.  Asymmetric total syntheses of tuberostemonine, didehydrotuberostemonine, and 13-epituberostemonine.

Authors:  Peter Wipf; Stacey R Spencer
Journal:  J Am Chem Soc       Date:  2005-01-12       Impact factor: 15.419

6.  Imino sugars inhibit the formation and secretion of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus model of hepatitis C virus: implications for the development of broad spectrum anti-hepatitis virus agents.

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Journal:  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A       Date:  1999-10-12       Impact factor: 11.205

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Journal:  Science       Date:  2007-09-28       Impact factor: 47.728

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Authors:  Gavin F Painter; Paul J Eldridge; Andrew Falshaw
Journal:  Bioorg Med Chem       Date:  2004-01-02       Impact factor: 3.641

9.  New synthetic seven-membered 1-azasugars displaying potent inhibition towards glycosidases and glucosylceramide transferase.

Authors:  Hongqing Li; Tao Liu; Yongmin Zhang; Sylvain Favre; Claudia Bello; Pierre Vogel; Terry D Butters; Nikos G Oikonomakos; Jérôme Marrot; Yves Blériot
Journal:  Chembiochem       Date:  2008-01-25       Impact factor: 3.164

10.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

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Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

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