Literature DB >> 26594413

Crystal structures of morpholinium hydrogen bromanilate at 130, 145 and 180 K.

Kazuma Gotoh1, Yuki Tahara1, Hiroyuki Ishida1.   

Abstract

Crystal structures of the title compound (systematic name: morpholin-4-ium 2,5-di-bromo-4-hy-droxy-3,6-dioxo-cyclo-hexa-1,4-dien-1-olate), C4H10NO(+)·C6HBr2O4 (-), were determined at three temperatures, viz. 130, 145 and 180 K. The asymmetric unit comprises one morpholinium cation and two halves of crystallographically independent bromanilate monoanions, which are located on inversion centres. The conformations of the two independent bromanilate anions are different from each other with respect to the O-H orientation. In the crystal, the two different anions are linked alternately into a chain along [211] through a short O-H⋯O hydrogen bond, in which the H atom is disordered over two positions. The refined site-occupancy ratios, which are almost constant in the temperature range studied, are 0.49 (3):0.51 (3), 0.52 (3):0.48 (3) and 0.50 (3):0.50 (3), respectively, at 130, 145 and 180 K, and no significant difference in the mol-ecular geometry and the mol-ecular packing is observed at the three temperatures. The morpholinium cation links adjacent chains of anions via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a sheet structure parallel to (-111).

Entities:  

Keywords:  bromanilic acid; crystal structure; hydrogen-bonding; morpholine; proton disorder

Year:  2015        PMID: 26594413      PMCID: PMC4647363          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015017272

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Anilic acid (2,5-dihy­droxy-1,4-benzo­quinone) derivatives, such as chloranilic acid (2,5-di­chloro-3,6-dihy­droxy-1,4-benzoqinone) and bromanilic acid (2,5-di­bromo-3,6-dihy­droxy-1,4-benzoqinone), appear particularly attractive as a versatile template for generating hydrogen-bonded self-assemblies with various organic bases (Zaman et al., 2001 ▸; Molčanov & Kojić-Prodić, 2010 ▸; Gotoh & Ishida, 2011 ▸; Thomas et al., 2013 ▸) and also as a model compound for investigating proton dynamics in hydrogen-bond systems (Ikeda et al., 2005 ▸; Seliger et al., 2009 ▸). Furthermore, salts and co-crystals of anilic acids with organic bases have attracted much inter­est with respect to organic ferroelectrics (Horiuchi et al., 2008 ▸, 2009 ▸, 2013 ▸). In our previous study, we reported the crystal structure of morpholinium hydrogen chloranilate, C4H10NOC6HCl2O4 −, in which a short O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is formed between the chloranilate ions and the H atom in the hydrogen bond is disordered over two sites (Ishida & Kashino, 1999 ▸). The measurements of 35Cl NQR (nuclear quadrupole resonance) for the compound in the temperature range 4–300 K showed an anomalous temperature dependence of the NQR frequencies, which cannot be explained by the conventional Bayer-type lattice motion: one of the two frequencies exhibits an anomalous increase with increasing temperature from 4.2 K while the other frequency shows a rather fast decrease with temperature. The anomalous behavior was ascribed to a drastic temperature variation of the disordered O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, as revealed by multi-temperature X-ray diffraction (Tobu et al., 2012 ▸). In the present study, we have undertaken the structural determination of morpholinium hydrogen bromanilate, C4H10NOC6HBr2O4 −, to extend the study of hydrogen-bonding in the amine-halo­hydroxy­benzo­quinone system.

Structural commentary

The title compound is isomorphous with morpholinium hydrogen chloranilate in the space group P (Ishida & Kashino, 1999 ▸; Tobu et al., 2012 ▸) and has a quite similar mol­ecular packing to the chloranilate. The asymmetric unit of the title compound comprises one morpholinium cation and two halves of crystallographically independent bromanilate monoanions, which are each located on an inversion centre (Fig. 1 ▸). The conformations of two bromanilate anions are different from each other with respect to the O—H orientation as shown schematically in Fig. 2 ▸.
Figure 1

A view of the mol­ecular structure of the title compound at 180 K, showing the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids of non-H atoms are drawn at the 50% probability level and H atoms are drawn as circles of arbitrary size. The site-occupancy factors of the disordered H atom (H2 and H4) are approximately equal. The N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are indicated by dashed lines. [Symmetry codes: (iii) −x, −y + 1, −z; (v) −x + 2, −y + 2, −z + 1.]

Figure 2

Two conformations (A and B forms) of bromanilic acid with respect to the O—H orientation.

In morpholinium hydrogen chloranilate, the bond distances of C3—O2 and C6—O4, which are involved in the disordered O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, showed slight but systematic decrease and increase, respectively, with temperature [C3—O2: from 1.2994 (10) Å at 114 K to 1.2951 (10) Å at 180 K; C6—O4: from 1.290 (10) Å at 114 K to 1.2946 (10) at 180 K], which corresponds to population changes of the two disordered proton sites in the hydrogen bond (Tobu et al., 2012 ▸). In the present compound, however, the C3—O2 and C6—O4 bond lengths are almost constant [C3—O2: 1.2953 (17), 1.2937 (17) and 1.2931 (17) Å at 130, 145 and 180 K; C6—O4: 1.3002 (18), 1.2997 (18) and 1.2997 (18) Å at 130, 145 and 180 K] and no significant difference in the mol­ecular geometry is observed at the three temperatures.

Supra­molecular features

In the crystal, the two independent bromanilate anions with different conformations are linked alternately by short O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Tables 1 ▸, 2 ▸ and 3 ▸), forming a chain along [211] (Fig. 3 ▸). The adjacent independent anions are almost perpendicular to each other, with dihedral angles of 86.57 (7)° (130 K), 86.65 (7)° (145 K) and 86.81 (7)° (180 K) between the benzo­quinone rings. The morpholinium cation connects the anion chains through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and a weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond into a sheet parallel to (11) (Fig. 4 ▸). Between the chains, short Br⋯O and Br⋯C contacts [Br2⋯O1i: 3.1698 (13) Å (130 K), 3.1725 (13) Å (145 K) and 3.1763 (13) Å (180 K); Br2⋯C1i: 3.2673 (15) Å (130 K), 3.2716 (15) Å (145 K) and 3.2808 (15) Å (180 K); symmetry code: (i) x- 1, y − 1, z] are observed. A weak C—H⋯Br inter­action is also observed between the sheets.
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) at 130 K

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1A⋯O40.88 (3)2.03 (3)2.886 (2)166 (2)
N1—H1B⋯O1i 0.86 (3)2.16 (3)2.938 (2)150 (2)
N1—H1B⋯O2ii 0.86 (3)2.27 (3)2.955 (2)137 (2)
O2—H2⋯O40.81 (3)1.77 (3)2.5160 (16)152 (4)
O2—H2⋯O3iii 0.81 (3)2.57 (3)3.0613 (17)120 (3)
O4—H4⋯O20.82 (3)1.82 (4)2.5160 (16)143 (4)
C7—H7A⋯O4ii 0.992.533.391 (2)145
C10—H10B⋯Br2iv 0.992.903.8892 (17)175

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .

Table 2

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) at 145 K

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1A⋯O40.86 (3)2.04 (3)2.888 (2)166 (2)
N1—H1B⋯O1i 0.85 (3)2.17 (3)2.938 (2)151 (2)
N1—H1B⋯O2ii 0.85 (3)2.29 (3)2.959 (2)136 (2)
O2—H2⋯O40.82 (3)1.77 (3)2.5174 (16)153 (4)
O2—H2⋯O3iii 0.82 (3)2.58 (3)3.0628 (17)120 (3)
O4—H4⋯O20.82 (3)1.79 (4)2.5174 (16)147 (4)
C7—H7A⋯O4ii 0.992.543.394 (2)145
C10—H10B⋯Br2iv 0.992.903.8905 (17)175

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .

Table 3

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) at 180 K

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1A⋯O40.89 (3)2.02 (3)2.890 (2)167 (2)
N1—H1B⋯O1i 0.86 (3)2.16 (3)2.938 (2)150 (2)
N1—H1B⋯O2ii 0.86 (3)2.28 (3)2.964 (2)136 (2)
O2—H2⋯O40.82 (3)1.79 (4)2.5224 (16)148 (5)
O2—H2⋯O3iii 0.82 (3)2.55 (4)3.0678 (18)122 (4)
O4—H4⋯O20.82 (3)1.80 (4)2.5224 (16)147 (4)
C7—H7A⋯O4ii 0.992.553.402 (2)145
C10—H10B⋯Br2iv 0.992.913.8946 (17)174

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .

Figure 3

A partial packing diagram of the title compound at 180 K, showing the hydrogen-bonded aggregate of morpholinium and hydrogen bromanilate ions. The N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are indicated by dashed lines. [Symmetry codes: (i) x − 1, y − 1, z; (ii) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1.]

Figure 4

A packing diagram of the title compound at 180 K, showing the sheet structure formed through N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (dashed lines). For the morpholinium cations, only NH2 groups are shown for clarity.

Database survey

Although a search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.36, last update February 2015; Groom & Allen, 2014 ▸) for organic salts and co-crystals with bromanilic acid gave 31 hits, no crystal structure including the A form (Fig. 2 ▸) was found.

Synthesis and crystallization

Single crystals of the title compound suitable for X-ray diffraction were prepared by slow evaporation from an aceto­nitrile solution (200 ml) of bromanilic acid (200 mg) with morpholine (60 mg) at room temperature.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 4 ▸. C-bound H atoms of the morpholinium cation were positioned geometrically with C—H = 0.99 Å and were refined as riding with U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(C). The N-bound H atom was located in a difference Fourier map and refined freely [refined N—H = 0.85 (3)–0.89 (3) Å]. Two disordered positions of the H atom in the O—H⋯O hydrogen bond were located in a difference Fourier map. Since site occupancy factors and isotropic displacement parameters are correlated and bonding effects also make the site-occupancy factors less reliable, the positional parameters and the occupancies of the H atom were refined, with U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(O), and with distance restraints of O—H = 0.84 (2) Å.
Table 4

Experimental details

 130 K145 K180 K
Crystal data
Chemical formulaC4H10NO+·C6HBr2O4 C4H10NO+·C6HBr2O4 C4H10NO+·C6HBr2O4
M r 385.01385.01385.01
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P Triclinic, P Triclinic, P
a, b, c (Å)8.62046 (19), 9.2129 (2), 9.4257 (2)8.62293 (18), 9.21849 (19), 9.4354 (2)8.62824 (17), 9.23087 (18), 9.46007 (19)
α, β, γ (°)93.5208 (7), 112.9139 (7), 115.9757 (7)93.5239 (7), 112.9190 (7), 115.9777 (7)93.5321 (7), 112.9738 (7), 115.9508 (7)
V3)595.05 (3)596.13 (3)598.67 (3)
Z 222
Radiation typeMo KαMo KαMo Kα
μ (mm−1)6.846.836.80
Crystal size (mm)0.40 × 0.34 × 0.180.40 × 0.34 × 0.180.40 × 0.34 × 0.18
 
Data collection
DiffractometerRigaku R-AXIS RAPIDIIRigaku R-AXIS RAPIDIIRigaku R-AXIS RAPIDII
Absorption correctionNumerical (NUMABS; Higashi, 1999)Numerical (NUMABS; Higashi, 1999)Numerical (NUMABS; Higashi, 1999)
T min, T max 0.096, 0.2920.098, 0.2920.098, 0.294
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections18162, 3468, 318318176, 3473, 318118199, 3487, 3188
R int 0.0260.0280.026
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.7040.7040.703
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.017, 0.046, 1.140.018, 0.046, 1.100.019, 0.048, 1.09
No. of reflections346834733487
No. of parameters178178178
No. of restraints222
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinementH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinementH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.50, −0.370.48, −0.440.59, −0.45

Computer programs: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 2006 ▸), SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994 ▸), SHELXL2014/7 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▸), CrystalStructure (Rigaku, 2010 ▸) and PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) General, 1, 2, 3. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015017272/lh5788sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) 1. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015017272/lh57881sup2.hkl Structure factors: contains datablock(s) 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015017272/lh57882sup3.hkl Structure factors: contains datablock(s) 3. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015017272/lh57883sup4.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015017272/lh57881sup5.cml CCDC references: 1424714, 1424713, 1424712 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C4H10NO+·C6HBr2O4Z = 2
Mr = 385.01F(000) = 376.00
Triclinic, P1Dx = 2.149 Mg m3
Hall symbol: -P 1Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71075 Å
a = 8.62046 (19) ÅCell parameters from 15996 reflections
b = 9.2129 (2) Åθ = 3.0–30.1°
c = 9.4257 (2) ŵ = 6.84 mm1
α = 93.5208 (7)°T = 130 K
β = 112.9139 (7)°Block, brown
γ = 115.9757 (7)°0.40 × 0.34 × 0.18 mm
V = 595.05 (3) Å3
Rigaku R-AXIS RAPIDII diffractometer3183 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 10.000 pixels mm-1Rint = 0.026
ω scansθmax = 30.0°, θmin = 3.0°
Absorption correction: numerical (NUMABS; Higashi, 1999)h = −12→12
Tmin = 0.096, Tmax = 0.292k = −12→12
18162 measured reflectionsl = −13→13
3468 independent reflections
Refinement on F22 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.017H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.046w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0195P)2 + 0.3723P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.14(Δ/σ)max = 0.002
3468 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.50 e Å3
178 parametersΔρmin = −0.37 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Reflections were merged by SHELXL according to the crystal class for the calculation of statistics and refinement.
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Br10.75783 (2)0.69637 (2)0.16055 (2)0.01583 (4)
Br2−0.01546 (2)0.16774 (2)0.12333 (2)0.01833 (4)
O11.18246 (16)0.98222 (14)0.33171 (13)0.0166 (2)
O20.62026 (15)0.76781 (13)0.41041 (13)0.0157 (2)
H20.548 (5)0.699 (4)0.323 (3)0.023*0.49 (3)
O3−0.34652 (16)0.22816 (14)−0.08651 (15)0.0209 (2)
O40.33771 (16)0.50578 (13)0.19213 (13)0.0164 (2)
H40.427 (5)0.603 (3)0.226 (5)0.025*0.51 (3)
O50.82461 (16)0.26388 (15)0.42254 (14)0.0201 (2)
N10.48737 (19)0.29440 (17)0.32853 (17)0.0170 (2)
C11.0924 (2)0.98617 (17)0.40452 (17)0.0123 (2)
C20.8902 (2)0.86739 (17)0.35299 (17)0.0124 (2)
C30.7974 (2)0.87220 (17)0.44093 (17)0.0126 (2)
C4−0.1856 (2)0.34950 (18)−0.04567 (18)0.0146 (3)
C5−0.0041 (2)0.35821 (17)0.05629 (17)0.0139 (3)
C60.1730 (2)0.49677 (18)0.10262 (17)0.0145 (3)
C70.6812 (2)0.42756 (19)0.45862 (19)0.0176 (3)
H7A0.66390.48410.53930.021*
H7B0.74930.51300.41320.021*
C80.8010 (2)0.3481 (2)0.53723 (19)0.0188 (3)
H8A0.93040.43620.62290.023*
H8B0.73550.26690.58720.023*
C90.6388 (2)0.1307 (2)0.3035 (2)0.0206 (3)
H9A0.57500.05160.35570.025*
H9B0.65670.06810.22770.025*
C100.5099 (2)0.1976 (2)0.21215 (19)0.0196 (3)
H10A0.56900.27170.15430.023*
H10B0.38080.10320.13240.023*
H1A0.423 (3)0.342 (3)0.277 (3)0.023 (5)*
H1B0.422 (3)0.223 (3)0.367 (3)0.027 (6)*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Br10.01430 (7)0.01537 (7)0.01367 (7)0.00509 (6)0.00595 (5)0.00068 (5)
Br20.01566 (8)0.01334 (7)0.02186 (8)0.00595 (6)0.00607 (6)0.00785 (6)
O10.0150 (5)0.0183 (5)0.0179 (5)0.0075 (4)0.0102 (4)0.0046 (4)
O20.0100 (5)0.0154 (5)0.0166 (5)0.0031 (4)0.0059 (4)0.0020 (4)
O30.0129 (5)0.0152 (5)0.0277 (6)0.0040 (4)0.0065 (4)0.0072 (4)
O40.0122 (5)0.0129 (5)0.0182 (5)0.0048 (4)0.0036 (4)0.0037 (4)
O50.0151 (5)0.0241 (6)0.0217 (5)0.0117 (5)0.0073 (4)0.0036 (4)
N10.0139 (6)0.0193 (6)0.0223 (6)0.0101 (5)0.0096 (5)0.0109 (5)
C10.0117 (6)0.0115 (6)0.0141 (6)0.0063 (5)0.0056 (5)0.0052 (5)
C20.0109 (6)0.0119 (6)0.0120 (6)0.0047 (5)0.0044 (5)0.0022 (5)
C30.0106 (6)0.0122 (6)0.0145 (6)0.0064 (5)0.0045 (5)0.0049 (5)
C40.0152 (7)0.0125 (6)0.0155 (6)0.0060 (5)0.0080 (5)0.0028 (5)
C50.0147 (6)0.0115 (6)0.0153 (6)0.0062 (5)0.0070 (5)0.0048 (5)
C60.0158 (7)0.0129 (6)0.0133 (6)0.0058 (5)0.0072 (5)0.0023 (5)
C70.0180 (7)0.0161 (7)0.0198 (7)0.0090 (6)0.0093 (6)0.0052 (6)
C80.0170 (7)0.0231 (7)0.0167 (7)0.0118 (6)0.0064 (6)0.0052 (6)
C90.0189 (7)0.0171 (7)0.0232 (8)0.0099 (6)0.0068 (6)0.0032 (6)
C100.0174 (7)0.0182 (7)0.0179 (7)0.0086 (6)0.0043 (6)0.0019 (6)
Br1—C21.8807 (14)C1—C3i1.5265 (19)
Br2—C51.8767 (14)C2—C31.368 (2)
O1—C11.2295 (18)C4—C51.445 (2)
O2—C31.2953 (17)C4—C6ii1.520 (2)
O2—H20.81 (3)C5—C61.362 (2)
O3—C41.2229 (18)C7—C81.511 (2)
O4—C61.3002 (18)C7—H7A0.9900
O4—H40.82 (3)C7—H7B0.9900
O5—C81.4212 (19)C8—H8A0.9900
O5—C91.428 (2)C8—H8B0.9900
N1—C71.492 (2)C9—C101.509 (2)
N1—C101.494 (2)C9—H9A0.9900
N1—H1A0.88 (3)C9—H9B0.9900
N1—H1B0.86 (3)C10—H10A0.9900
C1—C21.4407 (19)C10—H10B0.9900
C3—O2—H2118 (3)C5—C6—C4ii120.03 (13)
C6—O4—H4111 (3)N1—C7—C8109.20 (12)
C8—O5—C9109.71 (12)N1—C7—H7A109.8
C7—N1—C10110.91 (12)C8—C7—H7A109.8
C7—N1—H1A109.1 (14)N1—C7—H7B109.8
C10—N1—H1A108.4 (14)C8—C7—H7B109.8
C7—N1—H1B111.0 (15)H7A—C7—H7B108.3
C10—N1—H1B107.1 (15)O5—C8—C7110.61 (13)
H1A—N1—H1B110 (2)O5—C8—H8A109.5
O1—C1—C2124.43 (13)C7—C8—H8A109.5
O1—C1—C3i117.51 (13)O5—C8—H8B109.5
C2—C1—C3i118.06 (12)C7—C8—H8B109.5
C3—C2—C1122.59 (13)H8A—C8—H8B108.1
C3—C2—Br1120.39 (11)O5—C9—C10111.23 (13)
C1—C2—Br1116.98 (10)O5—C9—H9A109.4
O2—C3—C2127.82 (13)C10—C9—H9A109.4
O2—C3—C1i112.91 (12)O5—C9—H9B109.4
C2—C3—C1i119.28 (12)C10—C9—H9B109.4
O3—C4—C5124.23 (14)H9A—C9—H9B108.0
O3—C4—C6ii118.64 (13)N1—C10—C9108.70 (13)
C5—C4—C6ii117.13 (12)N1—C10—H10A109.9
C6—C5—C4122.84 (13)C9—C10—H10A109.9
C6—C5—Br2119.19 (11)N1—C10—H10B109.9
C4—C5—Br2117.97 (10)C9—C10—H10B109.9
O4—C6—C5123.65 (14)H10A—C10—H10B108.3
O4—C6—C4ii116.29 (13)
O1—C1—C2—C3177.29 (14)C6ii—C4—C5—Br2−178.24 (10)
C3i—C1—C2—C3−3.3 (2)C4—C5—C6—O4−178.83 (14)
O1—C1—C2—Br1−0.27 (19)Br2—C5—C6—O4−0.1 (2)
C3i—C1—C2—Br1179.12 (9)C4—C5—C6—C4ii−0.5 (2)
C1—C2—C3—O2−176.34 (14)Br2—C5—C6—C4ii178.22 (10)
Br1—C2—C3—O21.1 (2)C10—N1—C7—C8−54.86 (16)
C1—C2—C3—C1i3.4 (2)C9—O5—C8—C7−62.32 (16)
Br1—C2—C3—C1i−179.16 (9)N1—C7—C8—O558.54 (17)
O3—C4—C5—C6−178.49 (15)C8—O5—C9—C1062.50 (17)
C6ii—C4—C5—C60.5 (2)C7—N1—C10—C954.40 (17)
O3—C4—C5—Br22.7 (2)O5—C9—C10—N1−58.02 (17)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1A···O40.88 (3)2.03 (3)2.886 (2)166 (2)
N1—H1B···O1iii0.86 (3)2.16 (3)2.938 (2)150 (2)
N1—H1B···O2iv0.86 (3)2.27 (3)2.955 (2)137 (2)
O2—H2···O40.81 (3)1.77 (3)2.5160 (16)152 (4)
O2—H2···O3ii0.81 (3)2.57 (3)3.0613 (17)120 (3)
O4—H4···O20.82 (3)1.82 (4)2.5160 (16)143 (4)
C7—H7A···O4iv0.992.533.391 (2)145
C10—H10B···Br2v0.992.903.8892 (17)175
C4H10NO+·C6HBr2O4Z = 2
Mr = 385.01F(000) = 376.00
Triclinic, P1Dx = 2.145 Mg m3
Hall symbol: -P 1Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71075 Å
a = 8.62293 (18) ÅCell parameters from 15916 reflections
b = 9.21849 (19) Åθ = 3.0–30.1°
c = 9.4354 (2) ŵ = 6.83 mm1
α = 93.5239 (7)°T = 145 K
β = 112.9190 (7)°Block, brown
γ = 115.9777 (7)°0.40 × 0.34 × 0.18 mm
V = 596.13 (3) Å3
Rigaku R-AXIS RAPIDII diffractometer3181 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 10.000 pixels mm-1Rint = 0.028
ω scansθmax = 30.0°, θmin = 3.0°
Absorption correction: numerical (NUMABS; Higashi, 1999)h = −12→12
Tmin = 0.098, Tmax = 0.292k = −12→12
18176 measured reflectionsl = −13→13
3473 independent reflections
Refinement on F22 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.018H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.046w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.020P)2 + 0.3611P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.10(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
3473 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.48 e Å3
178 parametersΔρmin = −0.44 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Reflections were merged by SHELXL according to the crystal class for the calculation of statistics and refinement.
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Br10.75812 (2)0.69658 (2)0.16087 (2)0.01737 (4)
Br2−0.01570 (2)0.16791 (2)0.12324 (2)0.02003 (5)
O11.18243 (15)0.98258 (14)0.33190 (13)0.0179 (2)
O20.62059 (15)0.76777 (13)0.41035 (13)0.0172 (2)
H20.547 (5)0.698 (4)0.323 (3)0.026*0.52 (3)
O3−0.34653 (16)0.22841 (14)−0.08661 (15)0.0227 (2)
O40.33774 (15)0.50586 (13)0.19208 (13)0.0175 (2)
H40.430 (5)0.603 (3)0.231 (5)0.026*0.48 (3)
O50.82422 (16)0.26379 (15)0.42261 (14)0.0219 (2)
N10.48734 (19)0.29444 (17)0.32852 (17)0.0183 (2)
C11.0922 (2)0.98623 (17)0.40454 (17)0.0131 (2)
C20.8905 (2)0.86761 (17)0.35306 (17)0.0138 (2)
C30.7975 (2)0.87207 (17)0.44087 (17)0.0133 (2)
C4−0.1856 (2)0.34979 (18)−0.04558 (17)0.0156 (3)
C5−0.0041 (2)0.35843 (17)0.05629 (17)0.0149 (3)
C60.1731 (2)0.49685 (18)0.10257 (17)0.0154 (3)
C70.6812 (2)0.42735 (19)0.45871 (19)0.0191 (3)
H7A0.66390.48390.53930.023*
H7B0.74950.51280.41350.023*
C80.8006 (2)0.3479 (2)0.53709 (19)0.0204 (3)
H8A0.93000.43580.62280.025*
H8B0.73490.26670.58680.025*
C90.6387 (2)0.1307 (2)0.3035 (2)0.0227 (3)
H9A0.57480.05150.35560.027*
H9B0.65670.06830.22780.027*
C100.5097 (2)0.1977 (2)0.21235 (19)0.0212 (3)
H10A0.56870.27160.15450.025*
H10B0.38060.10340.13270.025*
H1A0.425 (3)0.342 (3)0.278 (3)0.024 (5)*
H1B0.422 (3)0.224 (3)0.365 (3)0.030 (6)*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Br10.01574 (7)0.01685 (7)0.01495 (7)0.00556 (6)0.00658 (5)0.00055 (5)
Br20.01706 (8)0.01455 (7)0.02405 (8)0.00653 (6)0.00668 (6)0.00865 (6)
O10.0161 (5)0.0199 (5)0.0195 (5)0.0081 (4)0.0110 (4)0.0050 (4)
O20.0108 (5)0.0164 (5)0.0184 (5)0.0030 (4)0.0064 (4)0.0015 (4)
O30.0136 (5)0.0158 (5)0.0308 (6)0.0039 (4)0.0068 (5)0.0081 (4)
O40.0128 (5)0.0138 (5)0.0195 (5)0.0051 (4)0.0035 (4)0.0038 (4)
O50.0167 (5)0.0258 (6)0.0240 (6)0.0130 (5)0.0079 (4)0.0038 (5)
N10.0146 (6)0.0210 (6)0.0244 (7)0.0108 (5)0.0105 (5)0.0118 (5)
C10.0124 (6)0.0127 (6)0.0150 (6)0.0069 (5)0.0061 (5)0.0057 (5)
C20.0124 (6)0.0134 (6)0.0134 (6)0.0056 (5)0.0051 (5)0.0025 (5)
C30.0113 (6)0.0125 (6)0.0151 (6)0.0064 (5)0.0046 (5)0.0049 (5)
C40.0168 (7)0.0131 (6)0.0161 (6)0.0063 (5)0.0083 (5)0.0028 (5)
C50.0156 (6)0.0123 (6)0.0161 (6)0.0067 (5)0.0071 (5)0.0047 (5)
C60.0166 (7)0.0139 (6)0.0139 (6)0.0060 (5)0.0076 (5)0.0021 (5)
C70.0195 (7)0.0172 (7)0.0223 (7)0.0095 (6)0.0107 (6)0.0059 (6)
C80.0187 (7)0.0251 (7)0.0177 (7)0.0129 (6)0.0066 (6)0.0051 (6)
C90.0209 (7)0.0185 (7)0.0255 (8)0.0108 (6)0.0073 (6)0.0028 (6)
C100.0185 (7)0.0206 (7)0.0189 (7)0.0093 (6)0.0047 (6)0.0022 (6)
Br1—C21.8807 (14)C1—C3i1.5282 (19)
Br2—C51.8775 (14)C2—C31.3684 (19)
O1—C11.2298 (17)C4—C51.446 (2)
O2—C31.2937 (17)C4—C6ii1.518 (2)
O2—H20.82 (3)C5—C61.363 (2)
O3—C41.2231 (18)C7—C81.509 (2)
O4—C61.2997 (18)C7—H7A0.9900
O4—H40.82 (3)C7—H7B0.9900
O5—C81.4201 (19)C8—H8A0.9900
O5—C91.428 (2)C8—H8B0.9900
N1—C71.492 (2)C9—C101.510 (2)
N1—C101.493 (2)C9—H9A0.9900
N1—H1A0.86 (3)C9—H9B0.9900
N1—H1B0.85 (3)C10—H10A0.9900
C1—C21.4377 (19)C10—H10B0.9900
C3—O2—H2118 (3)C5—C6—C4ii119.95 (13)
C6—O4—H4113 (3)N1—C7—C8109.23 (12)
C8—O5—C9109.77 (12)N1—C7—H7A109.8
C7—N1—C10110.93 (12)C8—C7—H7A109.8
C7—N1—H1A108.5 (14)N1—C7—H7B109.8
C10—N1—H1A108.6 (14)C8—C7—H7B109.8
C7—N1—H1B111.9 (16)H7A—C7—H7B108.3
C10—N1—H1B106.6 (15)O5—C8—C7110.62 (13)
H1A—N1—H1B110 (2)O5—C8—H8A109.5
O1—C1—C2124.48 (13)C7—C8—H8A109.5
O1—C1—C3i117.39 (12)O5—C8—H8B109.5
C2—C1—C3i118.13 (12)C7—C8—H8B109.5
C3—C2—C1122.62 (13)H8A—C8—H8B108.1
C3—C2—Br1120.30 (11)O5—C9—C10111.19 (13)
C1—C2—Br1117.03 (10)O5—C9—H9A109.4
O2—C3—C2127.87 (13)C10—C9—H9A109.4
O2—C3—C1i112.96 (12)O5—C9—H9B109.4
C2—C3—C1i119.17 (12)C10—C9—H9B109.4
O3—C4—C5124.23 (13)H9A—C9—H9B108.0
O3—C4—C6ii118.58 (13)N1—C10—C9108.74 (13)
C5—C4—C6ii117.19 (12)N1—C10—H10A109.9
C6—C5—C4122.86 (13)C9—C10—H10A109.9
C6—C5—Br2119.20 (11)N1—C10—H10B109.9
C4—C5—Br2117.92 (10)C9—C10—H10B109.9
O4—C6—C5123.68 (13)H10A—C10—H10B108.3
O4—C6—C4ii116.36 (12)
O1—C1—C2—C3177.25 (14)C6ii—C4—C5—Br2−178.23 (10)
C3i—C1—C2—C3−3.4 (2)C4—C5—C6—O4−178.92 (13)
O1—C1—C2—Br1−0.21 (19)Br2—C5—C6—O4−0.2 (2)
C3i—C1—C2—Br1179.18 (9)C4—C5—C6—C4ii−0.6 (2)
C1—C2—C3—O2−176.36 (13)Br2—C5—C6—C4ii178.19 (10)
Br1—C2—C3—O21.0 (2)C10—N1—C7—C8−54.81 (16)
C1—C2—C3—C1i3.4 (2)C9—O5—C8—C7−62.38 (16)
Br1—C2—C3—C1i−179.22 (9)N1—C7—C8—O558.53 (17)
O3—C4—C5—C6−178.65 (15)C8—O5—C9—C1062.43 (17)
C6ii—C4—C5—C60.5 (2)C7—N1—C10—C954.27 (17)
O3—C4—C5—Br22.6 (2)O5—C9—C10—N1−57.89 (18)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1A···O40.86 (3)2.04 (3)2.888 (2)166 (2)
N1—H1B···O1iii0.85 (3)2.17 (3)2.938 (2)151 (2)
N1—H1B···O2iv0.85 (3)2.29 (3)2.959 (2)136 (2)
O2—H2···O40.82 (3)1.77 (3)2.5174 (16)153 (4)
O2—H2···O3ii0.82 (3)2.58 (3)3.0628 (17)120 (3)
O4—H4···O20.82 (3)1.79 (4)2.5174 (16)147 (4)
C7—H7A···O4iv0.992.543.394 (2)145
C10—H10B···Br2v0.992.903.8905 (17)175
C4H10NO+·C6HBr2O4Z = 2
Mr = 385.01F(000) = 376.00
Triclinic, P1Dx = 2.136 Mg m3
Hall symbol: -P 1Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71075 Å
a = 8.62824 (17) ÅCell parameters from 15838 reflections
b = 9.23087 (18) Åθ = 3.0–30.1°
c = 9.46007 (19) ŵ = 6.80 mm1
α = 93.5321 (7)°T = 180 K
β = 112.9738 (7)°Block, brown
γ = 115.9508 (7)°0.40 × 0.34 × 0.18 mm
V = 598.67 (3) Å3
Rigaku R-AXIS RAPIDII diffractometer3188 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 10.000 pixels mm-1Rint = 0.026
ω scansθmax = 30.0°
Absorption correction: numerical (NUMABS; Higashi, 1999)h = −12→12
Tmin = 0.098, Tmax = 0.294k = −12→12
18199 measured reflectionsl = −13→13
3487 independent reflections
Refinement on F22 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.019H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.048w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0216P)2 + 0.3489P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.09(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
3487 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.59 e Å3
178 parametersΔρmin = −0.45 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Reflections were merged by SHELXL according to the crystal class for the calculation of statistics and refinement.
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Br10.75874 (2)0.69709 (2)0.16160 (2)0.02126 (5)
Br2−0.01629 (2)0.16834 (2)0.12298 (2)0.02440 (5)
O11.18225 (16)0.98340 (14)0.33207 (13)0.0212 (2)
O20.62107 (15)0.76749 (14)0.41043 (13)0.0205 (2)
H20.550 (6)0.702 (5)0.321 (3)0.031*0.50 (3)
O3−0.34638 (16)0.22923 (14)−0.08655 (16)0.0275 (2)
O40.33726 (16)0.50565 (14)0.19202 (13)0.0209 (2)
H40.426 (5)0.604 (3)0.231 (5)0.031*0.50 (3)
O50.82325 (17)0.26349 (16)0.42251 (15)0.0266 (2)
N10.48719 (19)0.29464 (18)0.32897 (17)0.0216 (3)
C11.0921 (2)0.98669 (17)0.40464 (17)0.0155 (2)
C20.8904 (2)0.86771 (17)0.35338 (17)0.0158 (2)
C30.7977 (2)0.87190 (17)0.44099 (17)0.0157 (2)
C4−0.1853 (2)0.35010 (18)−0.04556 (18)0.0185 (3)
C5−0.0045 (2)0.35849 (17)0.05607 (17)0.0175 (3)
C60.1728 (2)0.49667 (18)0.10245 (17)0.0180 (3)
C70.6809 (2)0.42714 (19)0.4585 (2)0.0227 (3)
H7A0.66390.48400.53890.027*
H7B0.74920.51220.41330.027*
C80.7997 (2)0.3474 (2)0.53683 (19)0.0250 (3)
H8A0.92910.43500.62260.030*
H8B0.73370.26620.58610.030*
C90.6381 (2)0.1310 (2)0.3036 (2)0.0272 (3)
H9A0.57420.05170.35520.033*
H9B0.65620.06900.22790.033*
C100.5094 (2)0.1980 (2)0.21303 (19)0.0252 (3)
H10A0.56830.27190.15540.030*
H10B0.38030.10400.13350.030*
H1A0.424 (3)0.344 (3)0.277 (2)0.025 (5)*
H1B0.422 (3)0.223 (3)0.367 (3)0.026 (5)*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Br10.01905 (8)0.02063 (8)0.01805 (7)0.00654 (6)0.00783 (6)0.00043 (5)
Br20.02061 (8)0.01771 (7)0.02936 (9)0.00800 (6)0.00791 (6)0.01079 (6)
O10.0192 (5)0.0234 (5)0.0227 (5)0.0093 (4)0.0131 (4)0.0057 (4)
O20.0128 (5)0.0201 (5)0.0215 (5)0.0035 (4)0.0076 (4)0.0019 (4)
O30.0161 (5)0.0194 (5)0.0374 (7)0.0049 (4)0.0080 (5)0.0101 (5)
O40.0151 (5)0.0166 (5)0.0230 (5)0.0061 (4)0.0039 (4)0.0046 (4)
O50.0192 (5)0.0314 (6)0.0295 (6)0.0151 (5)0.0094 (5)0.0045 (5)
N10.0171 (6)0.0245 (6)0.0290 (7)0.0129 (5)0.0123 (5)0.0141 (6)
C10.0148 (6)0.0147 (6)0.0180 (6)0.0076 (5)0.0079 (5)0.0069 (5)
C20.0141 (6)0.0144 (6)0.0159 (6)0.0057 (5)0.0062 (5)0.0027 (5)
C30.0133 (6)0.0155 (6)0.0180 (6)0.0076 (5)0.0064 (5)0.0061 (5)
C40.0181 (7)0.0155 (6)0.0197 (6)0.0065 (5)0.0092 (5)0.0034 (5)
C50.0175 (6)0.0141 (6)0.0192 (6)0.0073 (5)0.0078 (5)0.0053 (5)
C60.0188 (7)0.0164 (6)0.0166 (6)0.0071 (5)0.0086 (5)0.0030 (5)
C70.0231 (7)0.0208 (7)0.0259 (7)0.0111 (6)0.0129 (6)0.0066 (6)
C80.0219 (7)0.0308 (8)0.0218 (7)0.0150 (7)0.0080 (6)0.0061 (6)
C90.0250 (8)0.0217 (7)0.0317 (8)0.0129 (7)0.0095 (7)0.0036 (6)
C100.0218 (7)0.0243 (7)0.0220 (7)0.0108 (6)0.0051 (6)0.0025 (6)
Br1—C21.8803 (14)C1—C3i1.5283 (19)
Br2—C51.8769 (14)C2—C31.367 (2)
O1—C11.2299 (17)C4—C51.442 (2)
O2—C31.2931 (17)C4—C6ii1.519 (2)
O2—H20.82 (3)C5—C61.363 (2)
O3—C41.2229 (18)C7—C81.509 (2)
O4—C61.2997 (18)C7—H7A0.9900
O4—H40.82 (3)C7—H7B0.9900
O5—C81.420 (2)C8—H8A0.9900
O5—C91.425 (2)C8—H8B0.9900
N1—C71.490 (2)C9—C101.508 (2)
N1—C101.493 (2)C9—H9A0.9900
N1—H1A0.89 (3)C9—H9B0.9900
N1—H1B0.86 (3)C10—H10A0.9900
C1—C21.4394 (19)C10—H10B0.9900
C3—O2—H2117 (3)C5—C6—C4ii119.94 (13)
C6—O4—H4111 (3)N1—C7—C8109.14 (13)
C8—O5—C9109.83 (12)N1—C7—H7A109.9
C7—N1—C10110.85 (12)C8—C7—H7A109.9
C7—N1—H1A108.4 (14)N1—C7—H7B109.9
C10—N1—H1A108.2 (14)C8—C7—H7B109.9
C7—N1—H1B111.2 (14)H7A—C7—H7B108.3
C10—N1—H1B106.4 (14)O5—C8—C7110.51 (13)
H1A—N1—H1B112 (2)O5—C8—H8A109.5
O1—C1—C2124.51 (13)C7—C8—H8A109.5
O1—C1—C3i117.41 (12)O5—C8—H8B109.5
C2—C1—C3i118.08 (12)C7—C8—H8B109.5
C3—C2—C1122.63 (13)H8A—C8—H8B108.1
C3—C2—Br1120.43 (11)O5—C9—C10111.18 (13)
C1—C2—Br1116.90 (10)O5—C9—H9A109.4
O2—C3—C2127.81 (13)C10—C9—H9A109.4
O2—C3—C1i112.98 (12)O5—C9—H9B109.4
C2—C3—C1i119.21 (12)C10—C9—H9B109.4
O3—C4—C5124.27 (14)H9A—C9—H9B108.0
O3—C4—C6ii118.48 (14)N1—C10—C9108.84 (13)
C5—C4—C6ii117.24 (12)N1—C10—H10A109.9
C6—C5—C4122.82 (13)C9—C10—H10A109.9
C6—C5—Br2119.20 (11)N1—C10—H10B109.9
C4—C5—Br2117.98 (10)C9—C10—H10B109.9
O4—C6—C5123.69 (14)H10A—C10—H10B108.3
O4—C6—C4ii116.35 (13)
O1—C1—C2—C3177.30 (14)C6ii—C4—C5—Br2−178.27 (10)
C3i—C1—C2—C3−3.3 (2)C4—C5—C6—O4−178.95 (14)
O1—C1—C2—Br1−0.20 (19)Br2—C5—C6—O4−0.2 (2)
C3i—C1—C2—Br1179.24 (9)C4—C5—C6—C4ii−0.5 (2)
C1—C2—C3—O2−176.48 (14)Br2—C5—C6—C4ii178.25 (10)
Br1—C2—C3—O20.9 (2)C10—N1—C7—C8−55.03 (17)
C1—C2—C3—C1i3.3 (2)C9—O5—C8—C7−62.46 (17)
Br1—C2—C3—C1i−179.29 (9)N1—C7—C8—O558.77 (17)
O3—C4—C5—C6−178.51 (15)C8—O5—C9—C1062.31 (18)
C6ii—C4—C5—C60.5 (2)C7—N1—C10—C954.35 (17)
O3—C4—C5—Br22.7 (2)O5—C9—C10—N1−57.76 (19)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1A···O40.89 (3)2.02 (3)2.890 (2)167 (2)
N1—H1B···O1iii0.86 (3)2.16 (3)2.938 (2)150 (2)
N1—H1B···O2iv0.86 (3)2.28 (3)2.964 (2)136 (2)
O2—H2···O40.82 (3)1.79 (4)2.5224 (16)148 (5)
O2—H2···O3ii0.82 (3)2.55 (4)3.0678 (18)122 (4)
O4—H4···O20.82 (3)1.80 (4)2.5224 (16)147 (4)
C7—H7A···O4iv0.992.553.402 (2)145
C10—H10B···Br2v0.992.913.8946 (17)174
  10 in total

1.  The Cambridge Structural Database in retrospect and prospect.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Frank H Allen
Journal:  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl       Date:  2014-01-02       Impact factor: 15.336

2.  Hydrogen-bonded structures of the 1:1 and 1:2 compounds of chloranilic acid with pyrrolidin-2-one and piperidin-2-one.

Authors:  Kazuma Gotoh; Hiroyuki Ishida
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C       Date:  2011-11-19       Impact factor: 1.172

3.  Crystal engineering using anilic acids and dipyridyl compounds through a new supramolecular synthon.

Authors:  M B Zaman; M Tomura; Y Yamashita
Journal:  J Org Chem       Date:  2001-09-07       Impact factor: 4.354

4.  Temperature dependence of one-dimensional hydrogen bonding in morpholinium hydrogen chloranilate studied by 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance and multi-temperature X-ray diffraction.

Authors:  Yasuhiro Tobu; Ryuichi Ikeda; Taka-aki Nihei; Kazuma Gotoh; Hiroyuki Ishida; Tetsuo Asaji
Journal:  Phys Chem Chem Phys       Date:  2012-08-08       Impact factor: 3.676

5.  High-temperature and pressure-induced ferroelectricity in hydrogen-bonded supramolecular crystals of anilic acids and 2,3-di(2-pyridinyl)pyrazine.

Authors:  Sachio Horiuchi; Reiji Kumai; Yoshinori Tokura
Journal:  J Am Chem Soc       Date:  2013-03-11       Impact factor: 15.419

6.  Proton dynamics and room-temperature ferroelectricity in anilate salts with a proton sponge.

Authors:  Sachio Horiuchi; Reiji Kumai; Yusuke Tokunaga; Yoshinori Tokura
Journal:  J Am Chem Soc       Date:  2008-09-10       Impact factor: 15.419

7.  Utilizing proton transfer to produce molecular salts in bromanilic acid substituted-pyridine molecular complexes - predictable synthons?

Authors:  Lynne H Thomas; Martin S Adam; Andrew O'Neill; Chick C Wilson
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C       Date:  2013-10-31       Impact factor: 1.172

8.  Hydrogen bonding in 1,2-diazine-chloranilic acid (2 : 1) studied by a 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor and multi-temperature X-ray diffraction.

Authors:  Janez Seliger; Veselko Zagar; Kazuma Gotoh; Hiroyuki Ishida; Akiko Konnai; Daiki Amino; Tetsuo Asaji
Journal:  Phys Chem Chem Phys       Date:  2009-02-09       Impact factor: 3.676

9.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

10.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20
  10 in total

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