Literature DB >> 26594386

Crystal structures of two (±)-exo-N-isobornyl-acetamides.

Dmitrijs Stepanovs1, Daniels Posevins2, Maris Turks2.   

Abstract

The title compounds consist of a bornane skeleton with attached acetamide, C12H21NO (±)-(1) {systematic name: (±)-N-[(1RS,2RS,4RS)-1,7,7-tri-methylbi-cyclo-[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]acetamide}, and chloro-acetamide, C12H20ClNO (±)-(2) {systematic name: (±)-2-chloro-N-[(1RS,2RS,4RS)-1,7,7-tri-methylbi-cyclo-[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]-acetamide}, functionalities to the 2-exo-position. The crystal structure of the first monoclinic polymorph of (±)-(1) has been reported previously [Ung et al. (2014 ▸). Monatsh. Chem. 145, 983-992]. Compound (±)-(1) crystallizes in the space group P21/n with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit, in contrast to the above-mentioned polymorph which crystallized in the space group C2/c with one mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit. In the title compounds, the bicyclic bornane moieties have normal geometries. In the crystals of both compounds, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, reinforced by C-H⋯O contacts, forming trans-amide chains propagating along the a-axis direction. In the case of compound (±)-(1), neighbouring chains are linked by further C-H⋯O contacts, forming double-chain ribbons along [100].

Entities:  

Keywords:  (±)-exo-N-isobornylacetamides; Ritter reaction; crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; polymorph

Year:  2015        PMID: 26594386      PMCID: PMC4647407          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015015984

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Isobornyl­amine-derived amides have recently been described as useful anti­mycobacterial agents (Stavrakov et al., 2014a ▸,b ▸). Promising biological activity profiles have been also discovered for other bornane derivatives such as 2-aryl­bornanes (Duclos et al., 2008 ▸), camphor oximes (Schenone et al., 2000 ▸), bornyl (3,4,5-trihy­droxy)-cinnamate (Steinbrecher et al., 2008 ▸) and others. There is no doubt that isobornyl­amine derivatives are chemically related to terpenoids camphor (Seebaluck et al., 2015 ▸) and borneol (Horváthová et al., 2012 ▸), which are well known for their biological activities. On the other hand, compounds containing the bornane skeleton are frequently used as chiral building blocks for various ligands, catalysts and chiral auxiliaries (Chelucci, 2006 ▸; Langlois & Kouklovsky, 2009 ▸; Ramón & Yus, 2007 ▸). In light of the aforementioned facts, there is a vast inter­est in developing new synthetic protocols for the synthesis of compounds of this class and in their structural studies. We have recently reported an application of the Ritter reaction (Jiang et al., 2014 ▸) in the synthesis of amide-derivatized heterocycles (Turks et al., 2012 ▸). Hence, we identified the possibility to obtain isobornyl­amine derived amides (±)-(1) and (±)-(2) from borneol in the direct Ritter reaction. When the optically active (−)-borneol was submitted to standard Ritter reaction conditions, the expected compounds were isolated in acceptable yields albeit in the racemic form. A similar type of racemization due to a 6,2-hydride shift was described in the Ritter reaction of (−)-bornyl acetate (Hanzawa et al., 2012 ▸.). Previously, compounds (±)-(1) and (±)-(2) have been obtained as side products in a cationic rearrangement of (−)-β-pinene in the presence of the corres­ponding nitriles (Ung et al., 2014 ▸).

Structural commentary

The title compounds consist of a 1,7,7-tri­methylbi­cyclo[2.2.1]heptane (bornane or camphane) skeleton with attached acetamide [(±)-(1)] and chloro­acetamide [(±)-(2)] functionalities in the 2-exo-position. The asymmetric unit of compound (±)-(1) (Fig. 1 ▸) contains two independent mol­ecules having coincident geometry (r.m.s. deviation 0.057 Å). Compound (±)-(2) (Fig. 2 ▸) contains one mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The bond lengths and angles in both compounds are close to those observed for the first monoclinic polymorph of compound (±)-(1) (Ung et al., 2014 ▸).
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structure of the two independent mol­ecules of compound (±)-(1), showing the atom labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.

Figure 2

The mol­ecular structure of compound (±)-(2), showing the atom labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.

Supra­molecular features

In the crystals of both compounds, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, reinforced by C—H⋯O contacts, forming trans-amide chains propagating along the a axis direction (Figs. 3 ▸ and 4 ▸ and Tables 1 ▸ and 2 ▸). In the case of compound (±)-(1), neighbouring chains are linked by further C—H⋯O contacts, forming ribbons along [100]; see Fig. 3 ▸ and Table 1 ▸.
Figure 3

The crystal packing of compound (±)-(1), viewed along the b axis. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines (see Table 1 ▸ for details). For clarity, only H atoms involved in these inter­actions have been included.

Figure 4

The crystal packing of compound (±)-(2), viewed along the b axis. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines (see Table 2 ▸ for details). For clarity, only H atoms involved in these inter­actions have been included.

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (±)-(1)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1N⋯O1A i 0.85 (2)2.06 (2)2.900 (2)170 (2)
N1A—H1AN⋯O1ii 0.87 (2)2.03 (2)2.886 (2)172 (2)
C8A—H8A1⋯O1ii 0.982.573.524 (3)165
C12—H12C⋯O1ii 0.982.523.468 (3)164

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) .

Table 2

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (±)-(2)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯O1i 0.79 (3)2.21 (3)2.983 (2)168 (2)
C12—H12A⋯O1i 0.972.363.238 (3)151

Symmetry code: (i) .

Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.36; Groom & Allen, 2014 ▸) for substituted bornanes gave 1517 hits (excluding organometallics). 119 structures are substituted at the 2-position. Only two of these are amides, viz. the previously reported polymorph of (±)-(1) (LOPQEO: Ung et al., 2014 ▸) and 2,2,2-triphenyl-N-(1,7,7-tri­methylbi­cyclo­[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)acetamide (TOQWED: Prusinowska et al., 2015 ▸).

Synthesis and crystallization

Compound (±)-(1): (−)-Borneol (463 mg, 3 mmol, 1 equiv.) was added to a stirred solution of aceto­nitrile (790 µL, 15 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) in glacial acetic acid (7.0 ml) and conc. H2SO4 (3.07 g, 30 mmol, 10.0 equiv.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 343 K for 16 h (TLC control). The reaction mixture was cooled to 273 K and poured into a vigorously stirred 10% aqueous solution of NaOH (30–40 mL) at 273 K. Ethyl acetate (30 mL) was added and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide (±)-(1) (yield: 319 mg, 55%). The NMR data of (±)-(1) corres­pond fully to those reported earlier (Ung et al., 2014 ▸): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (p.p.m.): 5.44 (br s, 1H), 3.87 (td, J = 9.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 1.97–1.77 (m, 4H), 1.73–1.61 (m, 2H), 1.60–1.46 (m, 2H), 1.32–1.20 (m, 1H), 1.18–1.07 (m, 1H), 0.88 (s, 3H), 0.81 (s, 3H), 0.80 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3) δ (p.p.m.): 169.35, 56.81, 48.87, 47.14, 44.92, 39.15, 36.02, 27.06, 23.69, 20.38, 20.35, 11.77. GC–MS (C12H21NO): t = 5.92 min; m/z: calculated 195.2; found 195.1. (GC–MS method: column: HP5 (5% phenyl methyl siloxane), 30 m × 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 µm; column temp.: 323 K (hold for 2 min) to 583 K at 323 K min−1 (hold at 583 K for 3 min); injector/detector: 523 K/503 K; carrier gas: helium at 1.0 mL min−1, linear velocity; injection mode: splitless (solvent delay: 3 min); injection volume: 1 µL). X-ray quality single crystals were obtained by slow evaporation of a solution of (±)-(1) in hexa­nes/ethyl acetate (2:1). Compound (±)-(2): (−)-Borneol (463 mg, 3 mmol, 1 equiv.) was added to a stirred solution of chloro­aceto­nitrile (950 µL, 15 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) in glacial acetic acid (7.0 ml) and conc. H2SO4 (3.07 g, 30 mmol, 10.0 equiv.). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 343 K for 16 h (TLC control). The reaction mixture was cooled to 273 K and poured into a vigorously stirred 10% aqueous solution of NaOH (30-40 mL) at 273 K. Ethyl acetate (30 mL) was added and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide (±)-(2) (yield: 318 mg, 46%). The NMR data of (±)-(2) fully correspond to those reported earlier (Ung et al., 2014 ▸): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ (p.p.m.): 6.63 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (td, J = 9.1, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 1.87 (dd, J = 13.3, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 1.80–1.52 (m, 4H), 1.35–1.23 (m, 1H), 1.22–1.10 (m, 1H), 0.94 (s, 3H), 0.86–0.83 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3) δ (p.p.m.): 164.97, 57.12, 48.69, 47.21, 45.01, 43.00, 39.01, 35.95, 27.10, 20.33, 20.19, 11.82. GC–MS (C12H20 35ClNO): t = 6.21 min; m/z: calculated 229.1; found 229.1. (GC–MS method: vide supra). X-ray quality single crystals were obtained by slow evaporation of a solution of (±)-(2) in hexa­nes/ethyl acetate (2:1).

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3 ▸. For both compounds, the H atom on the amino group were located in difference Fourier maps and freely refined, and the C-bound H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined as riding on their parent atoms: C—H = 0.93–0.97 Å with U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(C) for methyl H atoms and 1.2U eq(C) for other H atoms. Reflection (0,1,1) whose intensity was affected by the beam-stop was removed from the final refinement of compound (±)-(1).
Table 3

Experimental details

 (±)-(1)(±)-(2)
Crystal data
Chemical formulaC12H21NOC12H20ClNO
M r 195.30229.74
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/n Orthorhombic, P c a b
Temperature (K)173173
a, b, c (Å)9.6820 (6), 10.6540 (3), 23.3676 (7)9.6852 (2), 10.7589 (3), 23.7261 (8)
α, β, γ (°)90, 97.184 (10), 9090, 90, 90
V3)2391.49 (19)2472.31 (12)
Z 88
Radiation typeMo KαMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.070.29
Crystal size (mm)0.18 × 0.12 × 0.090.35 × 0.10 × 0.09
 
Data collection
DiffractometerNonius KappaCCDNonius KappaCCD
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections7908, 4320, 26376757, 3611, 1854
R int 0.0560.097
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.6000.704
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.065, 0.159, 1.050.073, 0.160, 1.02
No. of reflections43203611
No. of parameters269143
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinementH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.37, −0.200.51, −0.38

Computer programs: KappaCCD Server Software (Nonius, 1997 ▸), DENZO and SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997 ▸), SIR2011 (Burla et al., 2012 ▸), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▸), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ▸), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) 1, 2, Global. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015015984/su5191sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) 1. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015015984/su51911sup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015015984/su51911sup4.cml Structure factors: contains datablock(s) 2. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015015984/su51912sup3.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015015984/su51912sup5.cml CCDC references: 1420761, 1420760 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C12H21NOF(000) = 864
Mr = 195.30Dx = 1.085 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 23028 reflections
a = 9.6820 (6) Åθ = 1.0–30.0°
b = 10.6540 (3) ŵ = 0.07 mm1
c = 23.3676 (7) ÅT = 173 K
β = 97.184 (10)°Plate, colourless
V = 2391.49 (19) Å30.18 × 0.12 × 0.09 mm
Z = 8
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer2637 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.056
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 25.3°, θmin = 2.2°
φ and ω scanh = −11→11
7908 measured reflectionsk = −12→11
4320 independent reflectionsl = −28→27
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.065Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.159H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.05w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0684P)2 + 0.5097P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
4320 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
269 parametersΔρmax = 0.37 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = −0.20 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O1−0.02258 (14)0.12729 (16)0.06523 (7)0.0422 (5)
N10.18985 (18)0.21667 (19)0.07437 (8)0.0296 (5)
H1N0.276 (2)0.204 (2)0.0728 (9)0.036 (7)*
C10.1084 (3)0.6083 (3)0.09760 (13)0.0543 (8)
H1A0.06600.62800.05790.065*
H1B0.11710.68650.12060.065*
C20.0227 (2)0.5082 (2)0.12569 (12)0.0474 (7)
H2A−0.00680.53990.16210.057*
H2B−0.06100.48370.09930.057*
C30.1236 (2)0.3969 (2)0.13719 (10)0.0346 (6)
C40.1376 (2)0.3440 (2)0.07640 (10)0.0311 (6)
H40.04400.34750.05290.037*
C50.2338 (2)0.4415 (2)0.05134 (11)0.0402 (6)
H5A0.32480.40390.04600.048*
H5B0.18980.47520.01400.048*
C60.2501 (2)0.5434 (2)0.09772 (11)0.0436 (7)
H60.32920.60240.09470.052*
C70.2638 (2)0.4669 (2)0.15414 (10)0.0385 (6)
C80.3926 (2)0.3821 (3)0.16342 (12)0.0478 (7)
H8A0.39950.33330.12830.072*
H8B0.38440.32480.19560.072*
H8C0.47620.43390.17220.072*
C90.2675 (3)0.5485 (3)0.20856 (12)0.0583 (8)
H9A0.35340.59810.21350.087*
H9B0.26450.49450.24230.087*
H9C0.18700.60500.20460.087*
C100.0805 (3)0.3019 (3)0.17942 (12)0.0481 (7)
H10D0.07890.34190.21710.072*
H10E0.14710.23230.18310.072*
H10F−0.01260.27000.16540.072*
C110.1054 (2)0.1169 (2)0.06847 (9)0.0318 (6)
C120.1737 (2)−0.0091 (2)0.06613 (12)0.0422 (7)
H12A0.1673−0.05440.10220.063*
H12B0.27190.00220.06100.063*
H12C0.1267−0.05740.03370.063*
O1A0.52606 (14)−0.16700 (16)−0.05366 (7)0.0413 (5)
N1A0.31245 (18)−0.08247 (18)−0.07554 (8)0.0297 (5)
H1AN0.223 (2)−0.092 (2)−0.0758 (9)0.035 (6)*
C1A0.3751 (3)0.2963 (3)−0.12778 (15)0.0615 (8)
H1A10.40350.3332−0.08920.074*
H1A20.36750.3640−0.15700.074*
C2A0.4775 (2)0.1949 (2)−0.14177 (13)0.0523 (8)
H2A10.55520.1864−0.11020.063*
H2A20.51610.2145−0.17800.063*
C3A0.3881 (2)0.0737 (2)−0.14821 (11)0.0396 (6)
C4A0.3603 (2)0.0434 (2)−0.08641 (10)0.0343 (6)
H4A0.44740.0600−0.05970.041*
C5A0.2472 (3)0.1450 (3)−0.07462 (12)0.0463 (7)
H5A10.15670.1053−0.07020.056*
H5A20.27860.1956−0.03990.056*
C6A0.2383 (3)0.2240 (3)−0.12928 (14)0.0568 (8)
H6A0.15370.2786−0.13540.068*
C7A0.2459 (2)0.1260 (3)−0.17734 (11)0.0418 (7)
C8A0.1271 (2)0.0305 (3)−0.18521 (12)0.0530 (8)
H8A10.1113−0.0029−0.14750.079*
H8A20.1518−0.0383−0.20980.079*
H8A30.04210.0715−0.20330.079*
C9A0.2545 (3)0.1849 (4)−0.23710 (14)0.0819 (11)
H9A10.16850.2313−0.24950.123*
H9A20.26640.1184−0.26500.123*
H9A30.33400.2424−0.23470.123*
C10A0.4535 (3)−0.0307 (3)−0.17793 (12)0.0485 (7)
H10A0.3955−0.1061−0.17790.073*
H10B0.5462−0.0483−0.15760.073*
H10C0.4618−0.0063−0.21780.073*
C11A0.3980 (2)−0.1770 (2)−0.05835 (9)0.0326 (6)
C12A0.3303 (2)−0.2983 (3)−0.04552 (14)0.0577 (8)
H12D0.3754−0.3321−0.00890.087*
H12E0.3397−0.3585−0.07650.087*
H12F0.2314−0.2838−0.04280.087*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O10.0203 (8)0.0470 (12)0.0600 (12)−0.0052 (7)0.0079 (7)−0.0016 (9)
N10.0170 (9)0.0367 (13)0.0359 (12)−0.0036 (9)0.0059 (7)−0.0039 (10)
C10.0598 (17)0.0345 (17)0.067 (2)0.0022 (14)0.0014 (13)0.0058 (15)
C20.0429 (14)0.0350 (16)0.0646 (18)0.0079 (12)0.0082 (12)−0.0045 (14)
C30.0343 (12)0.0313 (15)0.0397 (15)−0.0006 (10)0.0107 (10)0.0004 (12)
C40.0247 (11)0.0325 (15)0.0356 (14)−0.0007 (10)0.0023 (9)0.0018 (11)
C50.0426 (13)0.0387 (16)0.0396 (15)−0.0083 (12)0.0064 (10)0.0103 (13)
C60.0446 (14)0.0321 (16)0.0540 (17)−0.0119 (12)0.0059 (11)0.0012 (14)
C70.0433 (14)0.0356 (16)0.0362 (15)−0.0025 (11)0.0028 (10)−0.0070 (13)
C80.0377 (13)0.0527 (19)0.0494 (17)−0.0031 (12)−0.0083 (11)−0.0073 (14)
C90.0698 (18)0.049 (2)0.0551 (19)−0.0046 (15)0.0030 (14)−0.0151 (16)
C100.0614 (16)0.0407 (18)0.0467 (17)−0.0006 (13)0.0242 (13)0.0000 (14)
C110.0270 (12)0.0370 (16)0.0320 (14)−0.0064 (11)0.0064 (9)−0.0031 (11)
C120.0338 (13)0.0377 (17)0.0558 (17)−0.0037 (11)0.0081 (11)−0.0057 (13)
O1A0.0206 (8)0.0514 (12)0.0522 (11)0.0030 (7)0.0057 (7)0.0043 (9)
N1A0.0180 (10)0.0332 (13)0.0384 (12)−0.0016 (9)0.0056 (7)0.0044 (9)
C1A0.0579 (17)0.045 (2)0.084 (2)−0.0083 (14)0.0174 (15)−0.0010 (17)
C2A0.0414 (14)0.0380 (17)0.078 (2)−0.0099 (12)0.0102 (13)0.0029 (15)
C3A0.0366 (13)0.0381 (16)0.0450 (16)−0.0065 (11)0.0084 (10)−0.0007 (13)
C4A0.0249 (11)0.0332 (15)0.0437 (15)−0.0044 (10)0.0001 (9)−0.0020 (12)
C5A0.0415 (14)0.0390 (17)0.0590 (18)−0.0028 (12)0.0089 (12)−0.0067 (14)
C6A0.0408 (15)0.0461 (19)0.085 (2)0.0059 (13)0.0128 (13)0.0081 (18)
C7A0.0384 (13)0.0450 (17)0.0410 (15)−0.0032 (12)0.0016 (10)0.0135 (14)
C8A0.0400 (14)0.064 (2)0.0507 (17)−0.0095 (14)−0.0097 (11)0.0142 (16)
C9A0.079 (2)0.091 (3)0.072 (2)−0.009 (2)−0.0030 (17)0.040 (2)
C10A0.0528 (15)0.0471 (19)0.0481 (16)−0.0036 (13)0.0164 (12)0.0013 (14)
C11A0.0262 (12)0.0401 (16)0.0324 (14)−0.0002 (11)0.0065 (9)0.0024 (12)
C12A0.0390 (14)0.0480 (19)0.086 (2)0.0008 (13)0.0093 (13)0.0232 (17)
O1—C111.237 (2)O1A—C11A1.236 (2)
N1—C111.338 (3)N1A—C11A1.334 (3)
N1—C41.451 (3)N1A—C4A1.452 (3)
N1—H1N0.85 (2)N1A—H1AN0.87 (2)
C1—C61.536 (3)C1A—C6A1.529 (4)
C1—C21.547 (4)C1A—C2A1.529 (4)
C1—H1A0.9900C1A—H1A10.9900
C1—H1B0.9900C1A—H1A20.9900
C2—C31.539 (3)C2A—C3A1.552 (3)
C2—H2A0.9900C2A—H2A10.9900
C2—H2B0.9900C2A—H2A20.9900
C3—C101.508 (3)C3A—C10A1.494 (3)
C3—C41.550 (3)C3A—C4A1.536 (3)
C3—C71.556 (3)C3A—C7A1.560 (3)
C4—C51.557 (3)C4A—C5A1.588 (3)
C4—H41.0000C4A—H4A1.0000
C5—C61.528 (4)C5A—C6A1.523 (4)
C5—H5A0.9900C5A—H5A10.9900
C5—H5B0.9900C5A—H5A20.9900
C6—C71.541 (4)C6A—C7A1.542 (4)
C6—H61.0000C6A—H6A1.0000
C7—C81.534 (3)C7A—C8A1.530 (3)
C7—C91.537 (4)C7A—C9A1.543 (4)
C8—H8A0.9800C8A—H8A10.9800
C8—H8B0.9800C8A—H8A20.9800
C8—H8C0.9800C8A—H8A30.9800
C9—H9A0.9800C9A—H9A10.9800
C9—H9B0.9800C9A—H9A20.9800
C9—H9C0.9800C9A—H9A30.9800
C10—H10D0.9800C10A—H10A0.9800
C10—H10E0.9800C10A—H10B0.9800
C10—H10F0.9800C10A—H10C0.9800
C11—C121.500 (3)C11A—C12A1.497 (3)
C12—H12A0.9800C12A—H12D0.9800
C12—H12B0.9800C12A—H12E0.9800
C12—H12C0.9800C12A—H12F0.9800
C11—N1—C4122.38 (18)C11A—N1A—C4A123.40 (18)
C11—N1—H1N117.6 (16)C11A—N1A—H1AN119.6 (16)
C4—N1—H1N119.6 (16)C4A—N1A—H1AN116.4 (16)
C6—C1—C2102.5 (2)C6A—C1A—C2A102.8 (2)
C6—C1—H1A111.3C6A—C1A—H1A1111.2
C2—C1—H1A111.3C2A—C1A—H1A1111.2
C6—C1—H1B111.3C6A—C1A—H1A2111.2
C2—C1—H1B111.3C2A—C1A—H1A2111.2
H1A—C1—H1B109.2H1A1—C1A—H1A2109.1
C3—C2—C1104.02 (18)C1A—C2A—C3A103.87 (19)
C3—C2—H2A111.0C1A—C2A—H2A1111.0
C1—C2—H2A111.0C3A—C2A—H2A1111.0
C3—C2—H2B111.0C1A—C2A—H2A2111.0
C1—C2—H2B111.0C3A—C2A—H2A2111.0
H2A—C2—H2B109.0H2A1—C2A—H2A2109.0
C10—C3—C2114.18 (18)C10A—C3A—C4A114.5 (2)
C10—C3—C4114.7 (2)C10A—C3A—C2A113.63 (19)
C2—C3—C4104.27 (19)C4A—C3A—C2A104.2 (2)
C10—C3—C7117.3 (2)C10A—C3A—C7A117.7 (2)
C2—C3—C7100.96 (19)C4A—C3A—C7A103.72 (17)
C4—C3—C7103.54 (16)C2A—C3A—C7A101.3 (2)
N1—C4—C3116.15 (19)N1A—C4A—C3A117.1 (2)
N1—C4—C5112.55 (17)N1A—C4A—C5A110.91 (17)
C3—C4—C5103.13 (18)C3A—C4A—C5A103.01 (19)
N1—C4—H4108.2N1A—C4A—H4A108.5
C3—C4—H4108.2C3A—C4A—H4A108.5
C5—C4—H4108.2C5A—C4A—H4A108.5
C6—C5—C4102.74 (18)C6A—C5A—C4A101.5 (2)
C6—C5—H5A111.2C6A—C5A—H5A1111.5
C4—C5—H5A111.2C4A—C5A—H5A1111.5
C6—C5—H5B111.2C6A—C5A—H5A2111.5
C4—C5—H5B111.2C4A—C5A—H5A2111.5
H5A—C5—H5B109.1H5A1—C5A—H5A2109.3
C5—C6—C1107.8 (2)C5A—C6A—C1A107.5 (2)
C5—C6—C7102.8 (2)C5A—C6A—C7A103.5 (2)
C1—C6—C7102.75 (19)C1A—C6A—C7A103.8 (2)
C5—C6—H6114.1C5A—C6A—H6A113.7
C1—C6—H6114.1C1A—C6A—H6A113.7
C7—C6—H6114.1C7A—C6A—H6A113.7
C8—C7—C9106.4 (2)C8A—C7A—C6A115.7 (2)
C8—C7—C6114.5 (2)C8A—C7A—C9A106.6 (2)
C9—C7—C6113.5 (2)C6A—C7A—C9A113.4 (3)
C8—C7—C3114.9 (2)C8A—C7A—C3A115.1 (2)
C9—C7—C3114.28 (19)C6A—C7A—C3A92.51 (19)
C6—C7—C393.26 (18)C9A—C7A—C3A113.3 (2)
C7—C8—H8A109.5C7A—C8A—H8A1109.5
C7—C8—H8B109.5C7A—C8A—H8A2109.5
H8A—C8—H8B109.5H8A1—C8A—H8A2109.5
C7—C8—H8C109.5C7A—C8A—H8A3109.5
H8A—C8—H8C109.5H8A1—C8A—H8A3109.5
H8B—C8—H8C109.5H8A2—C8A—H8A3109.5
C7—C9—H9A109.5C7A—C9A—H9A1109.5
C7—C9—H9B109.5C7A—C9A—H9A2109.5
H9A—C9—H9B109.5H9A1—C9A—H9A2109.5
C7—C9—H9C109.5C7A—C9A—H9A3109.5
H9A—C9—H9C109.5H9A1—C9A—H9A3109.5
H9B—C9—H9C109.5H9A2—C9A—H9A3109.5
C3—C10—H10D109.5C3A—C10A—H10A109.5
C3—C10—H10E109.5C3A—C10A—H10B109.5
H10D—C10—H10E109.5H10A—C10A—H10B109.5
C3—C10—H10F109.5C3A—C10A—H10C109.5
H10D—C10—H10F109.5H10A—C10A—H10C109.5
H10E—C10—H10F109.5H10B—C10A—H10C109.5
O1—C11—N1122.0 (2)O1A—C11A—N1A122.7 (2)
O1—C11—C12121.4 (2)O1A—C11A—C12A121.1 (2)
N1—C11—C12116.64 (18)N1A—C11A—C12A116.19 (19)
C11—C12—H12A109.5C11A—C12A—H12D109.5
C11—C12—H12B109.5C11A—C12A—H12E109.5
H12A—C12—H12B109.5H12D—C12A—H12E109.5
C11—C12—H12C109.5C11A—C12A—H12F109.5
H12A—C12—H12C109.5H12D—C12A—H12F109.5
H12B—C12—H12C109.5H12E—C12A—H12F109.5
C6—C1—C2—C3−1.4 (3)C6A—C1A—C2A—C3A−1.5 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C10163.3 (2)C1A—C2A—C3A—C10A163.7 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C4−70.7 (2)C1A—C2A—C3A—C4A−71.1 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C736.5 (2)C1A—C2A—C3A—C7A36.4 (3)
C11—N1—C4—C391.9 (2)C11A—N1A—C4A—C3A91.2 (3)
C11—N1—C4—C5−149.5 (2)C11A—N1A—C4A—C5A−151.0 (2)
C10—C3—C4—N1−35.4 (3)C10A—C3A—C4A—N1A−38.7 (3)
C2—C3—C4—N1−161.05 (18)C2A—C3A—C4A—N1A−163.36 (18)
C7—C3—C4—N193.7 (2)C7A—C3A—C4A—N1A91.0 (2)
C10—C3—C4—C5−159.00 (19)C10A—C3A—C4A—C5A−160.7 (2)
C2—C3—C4—C575.4 (2)C2A—C3A—C4A—C5A74.6 (2)
C7—C3—C4—C5−29.9 (2)C7A—C3A—C4A—C5A−31.1 (2)
N1—C4—C5—C6−131.5 (2)N1A—C4A—C5A—C6A−131.0 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C6−5.6 (2)C3A—C4A—C5A—C6A−4.9 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C1−68.3 (2)C4A—C5A—C6A—C1A−69.5 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C739.7 (2)C4A—C5A—C6A—C7A39.9 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C573.3 (2)C2A—C1A—C6A—C5A74.5 (3)
C2—C1—C6—C7−34.8 (3)C2A—C1A—C6A—C7A−34.7 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C863.2 (2)C5A—C6A—C7A—C8A62.4 (3)
C1—C6—C7—C8175.1 (2)C1A—C6A—C7A—C8A174.6 (2)
C5—C6—C7—C9−174.4 (2)C5A—C6A—C7A—C9A−173.9 (2)
C1—C6—C7—C9−62.5 (3)C1A—C6A—C7A—C9A−61.7 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C3−56.1 (2)C5A—C6A—C7A—C3A−57.1 (2)
C1—C6—C7—C355.8 (2)C1A—C6A—C7A—C3A55.1 (2)
C10—C3—C7—C860.6 (3)C10A—C3A—C7A—C8A60.7 (3)
C2—C3—C7—C8−174.6 (2)C4A—C3A—C7A—C8A−66.9 (3)
C4—C3—C7—C8−66.9 (2)C2A—C3A—C7A—C8A−174.8 (2)
C10—C3—C7—C9−62.8 (3)C10A—C3A—C7A—C6A−179.3 (2)
C2—C3—C7—C962.0 (3)C4A—C3A—C7A—C6A53.1 (2)
C4—C3—C7—C9169.7 (2)C2A—C3A—C7A—C6A−54.7 (2)
C10—C3—C7—C6179.6 (2)C10A—C3A—C7A—C9A−62.4 (3)
C2—C3—C7—C6−55.7 (2)C4A—C3A—C7A—C9A170.0 (2)
C4—C3—C7—C652.0 (2)C2A—C3A—C7A—C9A62.1 (3)
C4—N1—C11—O1−1.1 (3)C4A—N1A—C11A—O1A−4.6 (3)
C4—N1—C11—C12179.1 (2)C4A—N1A—C11A—C12A176.2 (2)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1N···O1Ai0.85 (2)2.06 (2)2.900 (2)170 (2)
N1A—H1AN···O1ii0.87 (2)2.03 (2)2.886 (2)172 (2)
C8A—H8A1···O1ii0.982.573.524 (3)165
C12—H12C···O1ii0.982.523.468 (3)164
C12H20ClNOF(000) = 992
Mr = 229.74Dx = 1.234 Mg m3
Orthorhombic, PcabMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2bc 2acCell parameters from 24915 reflections
a = 9.6852 (2) Åθ = 1.0–30.0°
b = 10.7589 (3) ŵ = 0.28 mm1
c = 23.7261 (8) ÅT = 173 K
V = 2472.31 (12) Å3Plate, colorless
Z = 80.35 × 0.10 × 0.09 mm
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer1854 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.097
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 30.0°, θmin = 2.6°
φ and ω scanh = −13→13
6757 measured reflectionsk = −15→15
3611 independent reflectionsl = −33→33
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.073Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.160H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.02w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0497P)2 + 1.7639P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3611 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
143 parametersΔρmax = 0.51 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = −0.38 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl10.83924 (7)1.01572 (7)0.43765 (4)0.0460 (3)
O10.68852 (15)0.76668 (17)0.44335 (8)0.0326 (5)
N10.8914 (2)0.6671 (2)0.42922 (10)0.0241 (5)
H10.972 (3)0.673 (2)0.4329 (11)0.026 (8)*
C10.7790 (3)0.3051 (3)0.36991 (15)0.0436 (8)
H1A0.77570.23990.34170.052*
H1B0.74670.27230.40560.052*
C20.6933 (3)0.4183 (3)0.35161 (14)0.0377 (7)
H2A0.61940.43450.37820.045*
H2B0.65390.40550.31450.045*
C30.7980 (2)0.5264 (2)0.35096 (12)0.0292 (6)
C40.8313 (2)0.5475 (2)0.41407 (11)0.0260 (6)
H40.74560.53730.43550.031*
C50.9296 (3)0.4360 (2)0.42903 (13)0.0332 (7)
H5A1.02240.46470.43730.040*
H5B0.89500.38910.46090.040*
C60.9261 (3)0.3591 (3)0.37543 (15)0.0409 (8)
H60.99990.29700.37270.049*
C70.9285 (3)0.4580 (3)0.32796 (12)0.0321 (7)
C81.0598 (3)0.5389 (3)0.32675 (14)0.0435 (8)
H8A1.13620.49000.31360.065*
H8B1.07920.56880.36400.065*
H8C1.04580.60820.30190.065*
C90.9126 (4)0.4040 (4)0.26906 (16)0.0626 (11)
H9A0.91260.47010.24190.094*
H9B0.82710.35920.26670.094*
H9C0.98800.34860.26140.094*
C100.7496 (3)0.6398 (3)0.31989 (14)0.0427 (8)
H10A0.73570.61970.28090.064*
H10B0.81790.70420.32300.064*
H10C0.66420.66820.33590.064*
C110.8159 (2)0.7647 (2)0.44464 (11)0.0239 (6)
C120.8982 (2)0.8735 (2)0.46654 (14)0.0324 (7)
H12A0.99470.86200.45710.039*
H12B0.89060.87670.50730.039*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0364 (4)0.0305 (4)0.0711 (6)−0.0062 (3)−0.0118 (4)0.0006 (4)
O10.0136 (8)0.0345 (10)0.0499 (13)0.0001 (7)−0.0002 (8)−0.0073 (10)
N10.0120 (10)0.0280 (11)0.0323 (14)−0.0021 (8)−0.0006 (9)−0.0028 (10)
C10.0349 (15)0.0323 (15)0.063 (2)−0.0059 (12)−0.0009 (15)−0.0040 (16)
C20.0213 (13)0.0361 (16)0.056 (2)−0.0064 (11)0.0011 (12)−0.0065 (15)
C30.0238 (12)0.0276 (14)0.0363 (17)−0.0023 (10)−0.0014 (11)−0.0005 (13)
C40.0203 (12)0.0248 (13)0.0329 (16)−0.0026 (10)0.0057 (11)0.0000 (11)
C50.0273 (13)0.0285 (13)0.0439 (18)0.0001 (11)0.0000 (12)0.0083 (14)
C60.0261 (14)0.0277 (15)0.069 (2)0.0058 (11)−0.0011 (14)−0.0065 (15)
C70.0247 (13)0.0378 (16)0.0338 (17)−0.0059 (11)0.0055 (11)−0.0111 (14)
C80.0324 (15)0.054 (2)0.0442 (19)−0.0137 (14)0.0148 (14)−0.0130 (16)
C90.0484 (19)0.078 (3)0.062 (3)−0.0176 (18)0.0151 (17)−0.035 (2)
C100.0449 (17)0.0419 (17)0.0412 (19)0.0003 (15)−0.0156 (14)−0.0008 (15)
C110.0161 (11)0.0268 (13)0.0289 (15)−0.0006 (9)−0.0008 (10)−0.0028 (12)
C120.0180 (12)0.0304 (14)0.0488 (19)0.0023 (10)−0.0066 (12)−0.0108 (14)
Cl1—C121.771 (3)C5—H5A0.9700
O1—C111.235 (3)C5—H5B0.9700
N1—C111.331 (3)C6—C71.550 (4)
N1—C41.457 (3)C6—H60.9800
N1—H10.78 (3)C7—C91.522 (4)
C1—C21.536 (4)C7—C81.541 (4)
C1—C61.544 (4)C8—H8A0.9600
C1—H1A0.9700C8—H8B0.9600
C1—H1B0.9700C8—H8C0.9600
C2—C31.543 (4)C9—H9A0.9600
C2—H2A0.9700C9—H9B0.9600
C2—H2B0.9700C9—H9C0.9600
C3—C101.501 (4)C10—H10A0.9600
C3—C41.548 (4)C10—H10B0.9600
C3—C71.561 (4)C10—H10C0.9600
C4—C51.573 (4)C11—C121.508 (3)
C4—H40.9800C12—H12A0.9700
C5—C61.517 (4)C12—H12B0.9700
C11—N1—C4123.0 (2)C5—C6—H6114.2
C11—N1—H1117 (2)C1—C6—H6114.2
C4—N1—H1119 (2)C7—C6—H6114.2
C2—C1—C6102.9 (2)C9—C7—C8106.4 (2)
C2—C1—H1A111.2C9—C7—C6113.8 (3)
C6—C1—H1A111.2C8—C7—C6114.4 (2)
C2—C1—H1B111.2C9—C7—C3114.8 (2)
C6—C1—H1B111.2C8—C7—C3114.1 (2)
H1A—C1—H1B109.1C6—C7—C393.3 (2)
C1—C2—C3104.2 (2)C7—C8—H8A109.5
C1—C2—H2A110.9C7—C8—H8B109.5
C3—C2—H2A110.9H8A—C8—H8B109.5
C1—C2—H2B110.9C7—C8—H8C109.5
C3—C2—H2B110.9H8A—C8—H8C109.5
H2A—C2—H2B108.9H8B—C8—H8C109.5
C10—C3—C2114.3 (2)C7—C9—H9A109.5
C10—C3—C4114.9 (2)C7—C9—H9B109.5
C2—C3—C4103.7 (2)H9A—C9—H9B109.5
C10—C3—C7117.7 (2)C7—C9—H9C109.5
C2—C3—C7100.4 (2)H9A—C9—H9C109.5
C4—C3—C7103.8 (2)H9B—C9—H9C109.5
N1—C4—C3116.8 (2)C3—C10—H10A109.5
N1—C4—C5112.1 (2)C3—C10—H10B109.5
C3—C4—C5103.4 (2)H10A—C10—H10B109.5
N1—C4—H4108.0C3—C10—H10C109.5
C3—C4—H4108.0H10A—C10—H10C109.5
C5—C4—H4108.0H10B—C10—H10C109.5
C6—C5—C4102.3 (2)O1—C11—N1123.8 (2)
C6—C5—H5A111.3O1—C11—C12121.5 (2)
C4—C5—H5A111.3N1—C11—C12114.63 (19)
C6—C5—H5B111.3C11—C12—Cl1111.55 (18)
C4—C5—H5B111.3C11—C12—H12A109.3
H5A—C5—H5B109.2Cl1—C12—H12A109.3
C5—C6—C1107.3 (2)C11—C12—H12B109.3
C5—C6—C7103.6 (2)Cl1—C12—H12B109.3
C1—C6—C7102.1 (2)H12A—C12—H12B108.0
C6—C1—C2—C3−2.3 (3)C1—C6—C7—C9−63.4 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C10164.5 (3)C5—C6—C7—C862.6 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C4−69.6 (3)C1—C6—C7—C8174.0 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C737.5 (3)C5—C6—C7—C3−55.8 (2)
C11—N1—C4—C391.6 (3)C1—C6—C7—C355.6 (2)
C11—N1—C4—C5−149.3 (2)C10—C3—C7—C9−62.8 (3)
C10—C3—C4—N1−35.2 (3)C2—C3—C7—C961.9 (3)
C2—C3—C4—N1−160.7 (2)C4—C3—C7—C9168.9 (2)
C7—C3—C4—N194.7 (2)C10—C3—C7—C860.3 (3)
C10—C3—C4—C5−158.8 (2)C2—C3—C7—C8−175.0 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C575.6 (2)C4—C3—C7—C8−67.9 (3)
C7—C3—C4—C5−28.9 (2)C10—C3—C7—C6179.0 (2)
N1—C4—C5—C6−132.9 (2)C2—C3—C7—C6−56.3 (2)
C3—C4—C5—C6−6.2 (2)C4—C3—C7—C650.8 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C1−67.7 (3)C4—N1—C11—O1−6.0 (4)
C4—C5—C6—C739.8 (2)C4—N1—C11—C12171.7 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C574.5 (3)O1—C11—C12—Cl1−47.2 (3)
C2—C1—C6—C7−34.1 (3)N1—C11—C12—Cl1135.1 (2)
C5—C6—C7—C9−174.8 (2)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1···O1i0.79 (3)2.21 (3)2.983 (2)168 (2)
C12—H12A···O1i0.972.363.238 (3)151
  12 in total

1.  Synthesis and application in asymmetric catalysis of camphor-based pyridine ligands.

Authors:  Giorgio Chelucci
Journal:  Chem Soc Rev       Date:  2006-06-30       Impact factor: 54.564

2.  The Cambridge Structural Database in retrospect and prospect.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Frank H Allen
Journal:  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl       Date:  2014-01-02       Impact factor: 15.336

3.  Design of novel camphane-based derivatives with antimycobacterial activity.

Authors:  Georgi Stavrakov; Violeta Valcheva; Irena Philipova; Irini Doytchinova
Journal:  J Mol Graph Model       Date:  2014-04-30       Impact factor: 2.518

4.  O-[2-hydroxy-3-(dialkylamino)propyl]ethers of (+)-1,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one oxime (camphor oxime) with analgesic and antiarrhythmic activities.

Authors:  S Schenone; O Bruno; A Ranise; F Bondavalli; W Filippelli; G Falcone; B Rinaldi
Journal:  Farmaco       Date:  2000 Jun-Jul

5.  Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of novel camphane-based agents.

Authors:  Georgi Stavrakov; Irena Philipova; Violeta Valcheva; Georgi Momekov
Journal:  Bioorg Med Chem Lett       Date:  2013-12-01       Impact factor: 2.823

6.  Borneol administration protects primary rat hepatocytes against exogenous oxidative DNA damage.

Authors:  Eva Horváthová; Katarína Kozics; Annamária Srančíková; Lubica Hunáková; Eliška Gálová; Andrea Ševčovičová; Darina Slameňová
Journal:  Mutagenesis       Date:  2012-04-27       Impact factor: 3.000

7.  Bornyl (3,4,5-trihydroxy)-cinnamate--an optimized human neutrophil elastase inhibitor designed by free energy calculations.

Authors:  Thomas Steinbrecher; Andrea Hrenn; Korinna L Dormann; Irmgard Merfort; Andreas Labahn
Journal:  Bioorg Med Chem       Date:  2007-11-29       Impact factor: 3.641

8.  Synthesis and characterization of 2-substituted bornane pharmacophores for novel cannabinergic ligands.

Authors:  Richard I Duclos; Dai Lu; Jianxin Guo; Alexandros Makriyannis
Journal:  Tetrahedron Lett       Date:  2008-09-22       Impact factor: 2.415

9.  Amide synthesis from esters with nitriles under solvent-free conditions using molecular iodine as a catalyst.

Authors:  Yohko Hanzawa; Yoshio Kasashima; Kazuki Tomono; Takashi Mino; Masami Sakamoto; Tsutomu Fujita
Journal:  J Oleo Sci       Date:  2012       Impact factor: 1.601

10.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20
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