Rajini Nagrani1, Sharayu Mhatre1, Paolo Boffetta2, Preetha Rajaraman3, Rajendra Badwe4, Sudeep Gupta5, Isabelle Romieu6, Vani Parmar4, Rajesh Dikshit7. 1. Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, E. Borges Road, Parel Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 012, India. 2. Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute for Translational Epidemiology, New York, NY, USA. 3. Centre for Global Health and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA. 4. Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. 5. Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. 6. Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 7. Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, E. Borges Road, Parel Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 012, India. dixr24@hotmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Although cancer registry data indicate that there are large differences in breast cancer (BC) rates between rural and urban regions of India, the reasons for these differences are not well understood. METHODS: We conducted a hospital based case-control study (1,637 breast cancer cases; 1,515 visitor controls) in Mumbai, India, during the years 2009-2013. Extensive questionnaire data, anthropometry measurement and blood samples were collected on all participants. Using logistic regression models, we estimated risk based on odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for various reproductive and anthropometric measures, stratified by rural-urban status depending upon residence in first 20 years of life. RESULTS: Waist-to-hip ratio of ≥0.95 compared to ratio ≤0.84 was strongly associated with risk of BC in both rural and urban populations (ORurban = 4.10, 95 % CI 3.03-5.56; ORrural = 3.01, 95 % CI 1.85-4.90). First full-term pregnancy after the age of 25 compared to first full-term pregnancy below 20 years of age was associated with risk of BC in both urban and rural women (ORurban = 1.78, 95 % CI 1.32-2.41; ORrural = 2.24, 95 % CI 1.13-4.43). The prevalence of age at first full-term pregnancy was significantly lower in rural (mean age at first full-term pregnancy = 19.39 years) versus urban women (mean age at first full-term pregnancy = 22.62 years), whereas mean waist circumference was much higher in urban women (82.13 cm) compared to rural women (79.26 cm). We did not observe any association between breast feeding and risk of BC. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the prevalence of central adiposity and age at first full-term pregnancy between rural and urban women from India may explain some differences in breast cancer rates between these two populations.
PURPOSE: Although cancer registry data indicate that there are large differences in breast cancer (BC) rates between rural and urban regions of India, the reasons for these differences are not well understood. METHODS: We conducted a hospital based case-control study (1,637 breast cancer cases; 1,515 visitor controls) in Mumbai, India, during the years 2009-2013. Extensive questionnaire data, anthropometry measurement and blood samples were collected on all participants. Using logistic regression models, we estimated risk based on odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for various reproductive and anthropometric measures, stratified by rural-urban status depending upon residence in first 20 years of life. RESULTS: Waist-to-hip ratio of ≥0.95 compared to ratio ≤0.84 was strongly associated with risk of BC in both rural and urban populations (ORurban = 4.10, 95 % CI 3.03-5.56; ORrural = 3.01, 95 % CI 1.85-4.90). First full-term pregnancy after the age of 25 compared to first full-term pregnancy below 20 years of age was associated with risk of BC in both urban and rural women (ORurban = 1.78, 95 % CI 1.32-2.41; ORrural = 2.24, 95 % CI 1.13-4.43). The prevalence of age at first full-term pregnancy was significantly lower in rural (mean age at first full-term pregnancy = 19.39 years) versus urban women (mean age at first full-term pregnancy = 22.62 years), whereas mean waist circumference was much higher in urban women (82.13 cm) compared to rural women (79.26 cm). We did not observe any association between breast feeding and risk of BC. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the prevalence of central adiposity and age at first full-term pregnancy between rural and urban women from India may explain some differences in breast cancer rates between these two populations.
Entities:
Keywords:
Anthropometry; Breast cancer; Central obesity; Reproductive factors; Rural–urban
Authors: Larry Onyango Akoko; Amonius K Rutashobya; Evelyne W Lutainulwa; Ally H Mwanga; Sokoine L Kivuyo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-02-09 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: R Nagrani; S Mhatre; P Rajaraman; I Soerjomataram; P Boffetta; S Gupta; V Parmar; R Badwe; R Dikshit Journal: Eur J Cancer Date: 2016-08-27 Impact factor: 9.162