Khalil Masabni1, Joseph F Sabik2, Sajjad Raza1, Theresa Carnes3, Hemantha Koduri4, Jay J Idrees1, Jocelyn Beach5, Haris Riaz6, Mehdi H Shishehbor7, Heather L Gornik4, Eugene H Blackstone8. 1. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. 2. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: sabikj@ccf.org. 3. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. 4. Department of Vascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. 5. Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. 7. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. 8. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether nonselective preoperative carotid artery ultrasound screening alters management of patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and whether such screening affects neurologic outcomes. METHODS: From March 2011 to September 2013, preoperative carotid artery ultrasound screening was performed on 1236 of 1382 patients (89%) scheduled to undergo CABG. Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) was classified as none or mild (any type 0%-59% stenosis), moderate (unilateral 60%-79% stenosis), or severe (bilateral 60%-79% stenosis or unilateral 80%-100% stenosis). RESULTS: A total of 1069 (86%) had <moderate; 90 (7.3%) had moderate; and 77 (6.2%) had severe CAS. Of those with moderate CAS, 4 (4.4%) had preoperative confirmatory testing, and 1 (1.1%) underwent combined CABG + carotid endarterectomy (CEA); 11 (12%) had off-pump surgery. Of those with severe CAS, 18 (23%) had confirmatory testing, and 18 (23%) underwent combined CABG + CEA; 6 (7.8%) had off-pump surgery. Stroke occurred in 14 of 1069 (1.3%) patients with <moderate CAS; 2 of 90 (2.2%) of those with moderate CAS; and 2 of 77 (2.6%) of those with severe CAS (P = .3). In patients with ≥moderate CAS, 1 of 19 (5.3%) undergoing CABG + CEA and 3 of 148 (2.0%) undergoing CABG alone experienced stroke (P = .4). In patients with moderate CAS, stroke occurred in 1 of 11 (9.1%) off-pump and 1 of 79 (1.3%) on-pump patients (P = .2). In patients with severe CAS, stroke occurred in 1 of 6 (17%) off-pump and 1 of 71 (1.4%) on-pump patients (P = .15). CONCLUSIONS: Routine preoperative carotid artery evaluation altered the management of a minority of patients undergoing CABG; this did not translate into perioperative stroke risk. Hence, a more targeted approach for preoperative carotid artery evaluation should be adopted.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether nonselective preoperative carotid artery ultrasound screening alters management of patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and whether such screening affects neurologic outcomes. METHODS: From March 2011 to September 2013, preoperative carotid artery ultrasound screening was performed on 1236 of 1382 patients (89%) scheduled to undergo CABG. Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) was classified as none or mild (any type 0%-59% stenosis), moderate (unilateral 60%-79% stenosis), or severe (bilateral 60%-79% stenosis or unilateral 80%-100% stenosis). RESULTS: A total of 1069 (86%) had <moderate; 90 (7.3%) had moderate; and 77 (6.2%) had severe CAS. Of those with moderate CAS, 4 (4.4%) had preoperative confirmatory testing, and 1 (1.1%) underwent combined CABG + carotid endarterectomy (CEA); 11 (12%) had off-pump surgery. Of those with severe CAS, 18 (23%) had confirmatory testing, and 18 (23%) underwent combined CABG + CEA; 6 (7.8%) had off-pump surgery. Stroke occurred in 14 of 1069 (1.3%) patients with <moderate CAS; 2 of 90 (2.2%) of those with moderate CAS; and 2 of 77 (2.6%) of those with severe CAS (P = .3). In patients with ≥moderate CAS, 1 of 19 (5.3%) undergoing CABG + CEA and 3 of 148 (2.0%) undergoing CABG alone experienced stroke (P = .4). In patients with moderate CAS, stroke occurred in 1 of 11 (9.1%) off-pump and 1 of 79 (1.3%) on-pump patients (P = .2). In patients with severe CAS, stroke occurred in 1 of 6 (17%) off-pump and 1 of 71 (1.4%) on-pump patients (P = .15). CONCLUSIONS: Routine preoperative carotid artery evaluation altered the management of a minority of patients undergoing CABG; this did not translate into perioperative stroke risk. Hence, a more targeted approach for preoperative carotid artery evaluation should be adopted.
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