Therapeutic Targets of Human AKI: Harmonizing Human and Animal AKI.

The opportunity to make advances in the prevention and treatment of AKI has never been greater than it is today. Major advances have been made in the understanding of the biology of AKI, the design of clinical trials, and the use of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These advances have been supplemented by the coordinated effort of societies, federal agencies, and industry, such that we are poised in the ensuing years to positively address the unrelenting harm that this disorder has created. Over the past decade, major advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of AKI, mainly through the study of small animal models. However, translating these findings to human AKI remains a barrier, which is typified by the absence of effective therapeutic agents. The purpose of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) XIII was to harmonize human and animal studies and determine what is known about potential therapeutic targets and what gaps in knowledge remain. A series of invited reviews will distill key concepts from this initiative that focus on different pathogenic features of AKI, including hemodynamics, immunity and inflammation, cellular and molecular pathways, progression, and regeneration and repair. This series will convey the status of our knowledge of the pathophysiology of human AKI and propose therapeutic targets for further investigation.