Literature DB >> 26511734

An Update on Clostridium difficile Toxinotyping.

Maja Rupnik1, Sandra Janezic2.   

Abstract

Toxinotyping is a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based method for differentiation of Clostridium difficile strains according to the changes in the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc), a region coding for toxins A and B. Toxinotypes are a heterogenous group of strains that are important in the development of molecular diagnostic tests and vaccines and are a good basis for C. difficile phylogenetic studies. Here we describe an overview of the 34 currently known toxinotypes (I to XXXIV) and some changes in nomenclature.
Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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Year:  2015        PMID： 26511734      PMCID： PMC4702747          DOI： 10.1128/JCM.02083-15

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  J Clin Microbiol        ISSN： 0095-1137            Impact factor:   5.948


  35 in total

1.  Clostridium difficile ribotype diversity at six health care institutions in the United States.

Authors:  Sheila Waslawski; Eugene S Lo; Sarah A Ewing; Vincent B Young; David M Aronoff; Susan E Sharp; Susan M Novak-Weekley; Arthur E Crist; W Michael Dunne; Joan Hoppe-Bauer; Michelle Johnson; Stephen M Brecher; Duane W Newton; Seth T Walk
Journal:  J Clin Microbiol       Date:  2013-04-03       Impact factor: 5.948

Review 2.  Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection: an ongoing conundrum for clinicians and for clinical laboratories.

Authors:  Carey-Ann D Burnham; Karen C Carroll
Journal:  Clin Microbiol Rev       Date:  2013-07       Impact factor: 26.132

3.  Characterization of polymorphisms in the toxin A and B genes of Clostridium difficile.

Authors:  M Rupnik; V Braun; F Soehn; M Janc; M Hofstetter; R Laufenberg-Feldmann; C von Eichel-Streiber
Journal:  FEMS Microbiol Lett       Date:  1997-03-15       Impact factor: 2.742

4.  Characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of Clostridium difficile.

Authors:  D M Lyerly; L A Barroso; T D Wilkins; C Depitre; G Corthier
Journal:  Infect Immun       Date:  1992-11       Impact factor: 3.441

5.  A novel toxinotyping scheme and correlation of toxinotypes with serogroups of Clostridium difficile isolates.

Authors:  M Rupnik; V Avesani; M Janc; C von Eichel-Streiber; M Delmée
Journal:  J Clin Microbiol       Date:  1998-08       Impact factor: 5.948

6.  Bacteremia with a large clostridial toxin-negative, binary toxin-positive strain of Clostridium difficile.

Authors:  Briony Elliott; Robert Reed; Barbara J Chang; Thomas V Riley
Journal:  Anaerobe       Date:  2009-08-31       Impact factor: 3.331

7.  Clinical Clostridium difficile: clonality and pathogenicity locus diversity.

Authors:  Kate E Dingle; David Griffiths; Xavier Didelot; Jessica Evans; Alison Vaughan; Melina Kachrimanidou; Nicole Stoesser; Keith A Jolley; Tanya Golubchik; Rosalind M Harding; Tim E Peto; Warren Fawley; A Sarah Walker; Mark Wilcox; Derrick W Crook
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2011-05-19       Impact factor: 3.240

8.  Prevalence and pathogenicity of binary toxin-positive Clostridium difficile strains that do not produce toxins A and B.

Authors:  C Eckert; A Emirian; A Le Monnier; L Cathala; H De Montclos; J Goret; P Berger; A Petit; A De Chevigny; H Jean-Pierre; B Nebbad; S Camiade; R Meckenstock; V Lalande; H Marchandin; F Barbut
Journal:  New Microbes New Infect       Date:  2014-11-08

Review 9.  Toward a structural understanding of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B.

Authors:  Rory N Pruitt; D Borden Lacy
Journal:  Front Cell Infect Microbiol       Date:  2012-03-16       Impact factor: 5.293

10.  Horizontal gene transfer converts non-toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains into toxin producers.

Authors:  Michael S M Brouwer; Adam P Roberts; Haitham Hussain; Rachel J Williams; Elaine Allan; Peter Mullany
Journal:  Nat Commun       Date:  2013       Impact factor: 14.919
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  32 in total

1.  Outbreaks of Typhlocolitis Caused by Hypervirulent Group ST1 Clostridioides difficile in Highly Immunocompromised Strains of Mice.

Authors:  Kathleen G L Ma; Kvin Lertpiriyapong; Alessandra Piersigilli; Irina Dobtsis; Juliette R K Wipf; Eric R Littmann; Ingrid Leiner; Eric G Pamer; Rodolfo J Ricart Arbona; Neil S Lipman
Journal:  Comp Med       Date:  2020-05-13       Impact factor: 0.982

2.  The role of purified Clostridium difficile glucosylating toxins in disease pathogenesis utilizing a murine cecum injection model.

Authors:  Yongrong Zhang; Zhiyong Yang; Si Gao; Therwa Hamza; Harris G Yfantis; Michael Lipsky; Hanping Feng
Journal:  Anaerobe       Date:  2017-10-12       Impact factor: 3.331

Review 3.  The role of toxins in Clostridium difficile infection.

Authors:  Ramyavardhanee Chandrasekaran; D Borden Lacy
Journal:  FEMS Microbiol Rev       Date:  2017-11-01       Impact factor: 16.408

Review 4.  Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics.

Authors:  Shannon L Kordus; Audrey K Thomas; D Borden Lacy
Journal:  Nat Rev Microbiol       Date:  2021-11-26       Impact factor: 78.297

5.  Defining and Evaluating a Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Genome-Wide Typing of Clostridium difficile.

Authors:  Stefan Bletz; Sandra Janezic; Dag Harmsen; Maja Rupnik; Alexander Mellmann
Journal:  J Clin Microbiol       Date:  2018-05-25       Impact factor: 5.948

6.  Strain-Dependent RstA Regulation of Clostridioides difficile Toxin Production and Sporulation.

Authors:  Adrianne N Edwards; Ellen G Krall; Shonna M McBride
Journal:  J Bacteriol       Date:  2020-01-02       Impact factor: 3.490

7.  High contamination rates of shoes of veterinarians, veterinary support staff and veterinary students with Clostridioides difficile spores.

Authors:  Joanna Wojtacka; Beata Wysok; Aleksander Kocuvan; Maja Rupnik
Journal:  Transbound Emerg Dis       Date:  2021-02-21       Impact factor: 4.521

8.  Clostridioides difficile positivity rate and PCR ribotype distribution on retail potatoes in 12 European countries, January to June 2018.

Authors:  Valerija Tkalec; Virginie Viprey; Georgina Davis; Sandra Janezic; Béatrice Sente; Nathalie Devos; Mark Wilcox; Kerrie Davies; Maja Rupnik
Journal:  Euro Surveill       Date:  2022-04

9.  First genotypic characterization of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in Lithuanian hospitals reveals the prevalence of the hypervirulent ribotype 027/ST1.

Authors:  Simona Tratulyte; Jolanta Miciuleviciene; Nomeda Kuisiene
Journal:  Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis       Date:  2019-07-20       Impact factor: 3.267

Review 10.  Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease.

Authors:  Kathleen E Orrell; Roman A Melnyk
Journal:  Microbiol Mol Biol Rev       Date:  2021-06-02       Impact factor: 13.044
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