Ole Bernt Fasmer1, Kristin Mjeldheim2, Wenche Førland3, Anita L Hansen4, Steven Dilsaver5, Ketil J Oedegaard1, Jan Øystein Berle6. 1. Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. ; Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. ; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bergen, Norway. 2. Madlamarkveien 2a, Hafrsfjord, Norway. 3. Lagårdsveien 91, Stavanger, Norway. 4. Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway/Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 5. Comprehensive Doctors Medical Group, Arcadia, CA, USA. 6. Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hyperactivity is a core symptom of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but limited information is available on analysis of activity patterns in this disorder. The aim of the study was to analyze motor activity during daily living in adult patients with ADHD. METHODS: Patients (n=76) from the private psychiatric practice of two of the authors were recruited, and were compared to patients with other psychiatric disorders and to normal controls. Actigraphs were used to record motor activity for six days, with one minute intervals, and data were analysed using linear and non-linear mathematical methods. RESULTS: For short recording periods (300 minutes) the activity levels of ADHD patients do not differ from normal controls, but the autocorrelation (lag 1) is lower and Fourier analysis shows higher power in the high frequency range, corresponding to the period from 2-8 min. During recordings for six days there are no significant differences between ADHD patients and the control groups. The combined and inattentive subgroups differ only in the six days recordings. The Fourier analyses show that the combined type has lower power in the high frequency range, corresponding to the period from 4-8 hours, and in the analysis of rhythms the intra-daily variability is lower, compared to the inattentive type. CONCLUSION: Adult ADHD patients do not show evidence of hyperactivity, but have levels of activity similar to normal controls. However, on several measures ADHD patients display altered activity patterns, indicating that the regulation of motor activity in this disorder is different from controls.
OBJECTIVE:Hyperactivity is a core symptom of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but limited information is available on analysis of activity patterns in this disorder. The aim of the study was to analyze motor activity during daily living in adult patients with ADHD. METHODS:Patients (n=76) from the private psychiatric practice of two of the authors were recruited, and were compared to patients with other psychiatric disorders and to normal controls. Actigraphs were used to record motor activity for six days, with one minute intervals, and data were analysed using linear and non-linear mathematical methods. RESULTS: For short recording periods (300 minutes) the activity levels of ADHDpatients do not differ from normal controls, but the autocorrelation (lag 1) is lower and Fourier analysis shows higher power in the high frequency range, corresponding to the period from 2-8 min. During recordings for six days there are no significant differences between ADHDpatients and the control groups. The combined and inattentive subgroups differ only in the six days recordings. The Fourier analyses show that the combined type has lower power in the high frequency range, corresponding to the period from 4-8 hours, and in the analysis of rhythms the intra-daily variability is lower, compared to the inattentive type. CONCLUSION: Adult ADHDpatients do not show evidence of hyperactivity, but have levels of activity similar to normal controls. However, on several measures ADHDpatients display altered activity patterns, indicating that the regulation of motor activity in this disorder is different from controls.
Entities:
Keywords:
ADHD; Actigraph; Autocorrelation; Fourier analysis; Motor activity
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