Pong Pongprueksa1, Jan De Munck2, Radu Corneliu Duca3, Katrien Poels3, Adrian Covaci4, Peter Hoet3, Lode Godderis3, Bart Van Meerbeek2, Kirsten L Van Landuyt5. 1. KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, No.6, Yothi road, Rajthawee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 2. KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. 3. Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. 4. Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, D.S.551, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. 5. KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: kirsten.vanlanduyt@med.kuleuven.be.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the degree of conversion (DC) and the monomer release of three composite types when employed following a layer- and bulk-filling technique. METHODS: The release of monomers from a 'conventional paste-like' (Filtek Z250), a 'conventional flowable' (Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable) and a 'bulk-fill' flowable composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable) from the same manufacturer (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) was determined. Ten cylindrical specimens per composite were built, either in two 2-mm layers or in one 4-mm bulk. DC was measured at the specimen top and bottom surface using micro-Raman spectroscopy, after which the specimens were immersed in 2 ml absolute ethanol for 24 h at 37 °C. This solution was refreshed weekly during six weeks and the concentration of BisGMA, BisEMA(6), BisPMA, UDMA, TEGDMA and BPA was determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: DC at the specimen top and bottom was similar except for the bulk-fill technique, which resulted in significantly lower DC at the specimen bottom. The release of BisGMA and TEGDMA was initially very high, but rapidly dropped in the second week. In contrast, the release of BisPMA and UDMA increased initially, but then declined towards the sixth week. BisEMA(6) release was relatively steady over time. All composites released small amounts of BPA. The total monomer release was significantly lower for the layer- than the bulk-filling technique. CONCLUSIONS: The slightly reduced degree of conversion at 4-mm depth resulted in a higher monomer elution when the composite was applied following a bulk-fill application method. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Applying a flowable and a bulk-fill composite following a bulk-fill application method resulted in a significantly reduced degree of conversion at the bottom of polymerized composite specimens when compared to a layer-application method. This reduced polymerization degree was reflected in significantly increased monomer release.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the degree of conversion (DC) and the monomer release of three composite types when employed following a layer- and bulk-filling technique. METHODS: The release of monomers from a 'conventional paste-like' (Filtek Z250), a 'conventional flowable' (Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable) and a 'bulk-fill' flowable composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable) from the same manufacturer (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) was determined. Ten cylindrical specimens per composite were built, either in two 2-mm layers or in one 4-mm bulk. DC was measured at the specimen top and bottom surface using micro-Raman spectroscopy, after which the specimens were immersed in 2 ml absolute ethanol for 24 h at 37 °C. This solution was refreshed weekly during six weeks and the concentration of BisGMA, BisEMA(6), BisPMA, UDMA, TEGDMA and BPA was determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. RESULTS:DC at the specimen top and bottom was similar except for the bulk-fill technique, which resulted in significantly lower DC at the specimen bottom. The release of BisGMA and TEGDMA was initially very high, but rapidly dropped in the second week. In contrast, the release of BisPMA and UDMA increased initially, but then declined towards the sixth week. BisEMA(6) release was relatively steady over time. All composites released small amounts of BPA. The total monomer release was significantly lower for the layer- than the bulk-filling technique. CONCLUSIONS: The slightly reduced degree of conversion at 4-mm depth resulted in a higher monomer elution when the composite was applied following a bulk-fill application method. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Applying a flowable and a bulk-fill composite following a bulk-fill application method resulted in a significantly reduced degree of conversion at the bottom of polymerized composite specimens when compared to a layer-application method. This reduced polymerization degree was reflected in significantly increased monomer release.
Authors: José Marcos Dos Santos Oliveira; Théo Fortes Silveira Cavalcanti; Ingrid Ferreira Leite; Dávida Maria Ribeiro Cardoso Dos Santos; Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto; Fernanda Lima Torres de Aquino; Artur Falqueto Sonsin; Renata Matos Lamenha Lins; Rafael Pino Vitti; Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas; Emiliano de Oliveira Barreto; Samuel Teixeira de Souza; Regianne Umeko Kamiya; Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento; Josealdo Tonholo Journal: Front Pharmacol Date: 2021-11-29 Impact factor: 5.810
Authors: Siemon De Nys; Eveline Putzeys; Philippe Vervliet; Adrian Covaci; Imke Boonen; Marc Elskens; Jeroen Vanoirbeek; Lode Godderis; Bart Van Meerbeek; Kirsten L Van Landuyt; Radu Corneliu Duca Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-05-03 Impact factor: 4.379