Jordan E DeVylder1, Danielle R Jahn2,3, Tracie Doherty4, Camille S Wilson5, Holly C Wilcox6, Jason Schiffman5, Matthew R Hilimire7. 1. School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 W Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. jdevylder@ssw.umaryland.edu. 2. VA Capitol Health Care Network (VISN 5) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 4. School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 W Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. 5. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 7. Department of Psychology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior commonly co-occur in the general population, which can have implications for suicide prevention approaches. However, little is known about the nature of this relation in non-clinical samples. This cross-sectional study aimed to address a research gap by testing whether the relation between psychotic experiences and suicide-related outcomes (ideation, intent, and attempts) is explained by common social and psychological factors. METHODS: Young adult college students (N = 590) were assessed for psychotic experiences, suicidal behavior, and a comprehensive set of 24 potential shared risk factors selected through review of past epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. Nonparametric bootstrapped regression models were used to examine whether these factors attenuated or eliminated the associations between psychotic experiences and suicide-related outcomes. RESULTS: Psychotic experiences were associated with greater risk for suicidal ideation and behaviors. Adjustment for psychosocial factors, particularly those contributing to cumulative stress, accounted for the associations between psychotic experiences and suicide-related outcomes, except broadly defined suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the robust associations between psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior demonstrated in past studies may be primarily explained by shared risk factors, rather than by causal relations. In our sample, suicidal behavior and sub-threshold psychosis appear to be trans diagnostic clinical outcomes that share common causes, notably cumulative stress, but do not cause one another.
PURPOSE: Psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior commonly co-occur in the general population, which can have implications for suicide prevention approaches. However, little is known about the nature of this relation in non-clinical samples. This cross-sectional study aimed to address a research gap by testing whether the relation between psychotic experiences and suicide-related outcomes (ideation, intent, and attempts) is explained by common social and psychological factors. METHODS: Young adult college students (N = 590) were assessed for psychotic experiences, suicidal behavior, and a comprehensive set of 24 potential shared risk factors selected through review of past epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. Nonparametric bootstrapped regression models were used to examine whether these factors attenuated or eliminated the associations between psychotic experiences and suicide-related outcomes. RESULTS: Psychotic experiences were associated with greater risk for suicidal ideation and behaviors. Adjustment for psychosocial factors, particularly those contributing to cumulative stress, accounted for the associations between psychotic experiences and suicide-related outcomes, except broadly defined suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the robust associations between psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior demonstrated in past studies may be primarily explained by shared risk factors, rather than by causal relations. In our sample, suicidal behavior and sub-threshold psychosis appear to be trans diagnostic clinical outcomes that share common causes, notably cumulative stress, but do not cause one another.
Entities:
Keywords:
Attempts; Psychosis continuum; Risk factors; Suicide; Young adults
Authors: Ronald C Kessler; Howard Birnbaum; Olga Demler; Ian R H Falloon; Elizabeth Gagnon; Margaret Guyer; Mary J Howes; Kenneth S Kendler; Lizheng Shi; Ellen Walters; Eric Q Wu Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2005-07-14 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Niklas Granö; Laura Salmijärvi; Marjaana Karjalainen; Santeri Kallionpää; Mikko Roine; Peter Taylor Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2014-12-31 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Vandad Sharifi; William W Eaton; Li Tzy Wu; Kimberly B Roth; Bruce M Burchett; Ramin Mojtabai Journal: Br J Psychiatry Date: 2015-05-07 Impact factor: 9.319
Authors: Nicole D Andorko; Zachary B Millman; Elizabeth Klingaman; Deborah Medoff; Emily Kline; Jordan DeVylder; Gloria Reeves; Jason Schiffman Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2018-03-09 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: Álvaro I Langer; Klaas Wardenaar; Johanna T W Wigman; José Luis Ulloa; Daniel Núñez Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-06-27 Impact factor: 5.435
Authors: Evelyn J Bromet; Matthew K Nock; Sukanta Saha; Carmen C W Lim; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola; Ali Al-Hamzawi; Jordi Alonso; Guilherme Borges; Ronny Bruffaerts; Louisa Degenhardt; Giovanni de Girolamo; Peter de Jonge; Silvia Florescu; Oye Gureje; Josep M Haro; Yanling He; Chiyi Hu; Elie G Karam; Viviane Kovess-Masfety; Sing Lee; Jean-Pierre Lepine; Zeina Mneimneh; Fernando Navarro-Mateu; Akin Ojagbemi; José Posada-Villa; Nancy A Sampson; Kate M Scott; Juan C Stagnaro; Maria C Viana; Miguel Xavier; Ronald C Kessler; John J McGrath Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2017-11-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Elizabeth Thompson; Anthony Spirito; Elisabeth Frazier; Alysha Thompson; Jeffrey Hunt; Jennifer Wolff Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2020-01-13 Impact factor: 4.939