Gemma M Ryan1, Robert J Bischof2, Perenlei Enkhbaatar3, Victoria M McLeod1, Linda J Chan1, Seth A Jones1,4, David J Owen4, Christopher J H Porter1, Lisa M Kaminskas5. 1. Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. 2. Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. 3. Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA. 4. Starpharma Pty Ltd, 4/6 Southhampton Cresent, Abbotsford, VIC, 3067, Australia. 5. Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. lisa.kaminskas@monash.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Cancer metastasis to pulmonary lymph nodes dictates the need to deliver chemotherapeutic and diagnostic agents to the lung and associated lymph nodes. Drug conjugation to dendrimer-based delivery systems has the potential to reduce toxicity, enhance lung retention and promote lymphatic distribution in rats. The current study therefore evaluated the pharmacokinetics and lung lymphatic exposure of a PEGylated dendrimer following inhaled administration. METHODS: Plasma pharmacokinetics and disposition of a 22 kDa PEGylated dendrimer were compared after aerosol administration to rats and sheep. Lung-derived lymph could not be sampled in rats and so lymphatic transport of the dendrimer from the lung was assessed in sheep. RESULTS: Higher plasma concentrations were achieved when dendrimer was administered to the lungs of rats as a liquid instillation when compared to an aerosol. Plasma pharmacokinetics were similar between sheep and rats, although some differences in disposition patterns were evident. Unexpectedly, less than 0.5% of the aerosol dose was recovered in pulmonary lymph. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that rats provide a relevant model for assessing the pharmacokinetics of inhaled macromolecules prior to evaluation in larger animals, but that the pulmonary lymphatics are unlikely to play a major role in the absorption of nanocarriers from the lungs.
PURPOSE:Cancer metastasis to pulmonary lymph nodes dictates the need to deliver chemotherapeutic and diagnostic agents to the lung and associated lymph nodes. Drug conjugation to dendrimer-based delivery systems has the potential to reduce toxicity, enhance lung retention and promote lymphatic distribution in rats. The current study therefore evaluated the pharmacokinetics and lung lymphatic exposure of a PEGylated dendrimer following inhaled administration. METHODS: Plasma pharmacokinetics and disposition of a 22 kDa PEGylated dendrimer were compared after aerosol administration to rats and sheep. Lung-derived lymph could not be sampled in rats and so lymphatic transport of the dendrimer from the lung was assessed in sheep. RESULTS: Higher plasma concentrations were achieved when dendrimer was administered to the lungs of rats as a liquid instillation when compared to an aerosol. Plasma pharmacokinetics were similar between sheep and rats, although some differences in disposition patterns were evident. Unexpectedly, less than 0.5% of the aerosol dose was recovered in pulmonary lymph. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that rats provide a relevant model for assessing the pharmacokinetics of inhaled macromolecules prior to evaluation in larger animals, but that the pulmonary lymphatics are unlikely to play a major role in the absorption of nanocarriers from the lungs.
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