Mauro Lo Rito1, Tamadhir Gazzaz2, Travis J Wilder1, Rachel D Vanderlaan1, Glen S Van Arsdell1, Osami Honjo1, Shi-Joon Yoo3, Christopher A Caldarone4. 1. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Labatt Family Heart Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: chris.caldarone@sickkids.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary vein characteristics that influence survival after repair of stenosis have not been defined. We sought to develop a predictive model relating postrepair survival to preoperative pulmonary vein characteristics on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Patients who underwent pulmonary vein stenosis repair (1990-2012) with preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed. We measured pulmonary vein short and long cross-sectional diameters at the left atrial junction (downstream), vein bifurcation (upstream), and narrowest point, and calculated the total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area. The relationship between pulmonary vein dimensions and survival was related via risk-adjusted parametric hazard analyses. RESULTS: Of 145 patients who underwent surgical repair, 31 had preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and were analyzed. Surgical repairs were sutureless (n = 30) or pericardial patch reconstruction (n = 1). Mean follow-up was 4.28 ± 4.2 years. In-hospital mortality was 9.7%; unadjusted survival was 75% ± 7%, 69% ± 8%, and 64% ± 7% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Median downstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area was 163 mm(2)/m(2), upstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area was 263 mm(2)/m(2), and total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area at maximal stenosis, localized at the left atrial junction in approximately two thirds of patients, was 163 mm(2)/m(2). Smaller upstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area (P = .030) and greater number of stenotic pulmonary veins (P = .0069) were associated with increased early (<1 year) risk of death. Smaller downstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area tended to be associated with a late risk of death (P = .059). CONCLUSIONS: Smaller upstream or downstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area negatively influenced survival. Early survival seemed especially poor for patients with a greater number of stenotic veins and upstream pulmonary vein involvement. The total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area measurements can help to inform prognosis and stratify patients for enrollment in clinical trials of agents directed at pulmonary vein pathology.
OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary vein characteristics that influence survival after repair of stenosis have not been defined. We sought to develop a predictive model relating postrepair survival to preoperative pulmonary vein characteristics on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS:Patients who underwent pulmonary vein stenosis repair (1990-2012) with preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed. We measured pulmonary vein short and long cross-sectional diameters at the left atrial junction (downstream), vein bifurcation (upstream), and narrowest point, and calculated the total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area. The relationship between pulmonary vein dimensions and survival was related via risk-adjusted parametric hazard analyses. RESULTS: Of 145 patients who underwent surgical repair, 31 had preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and were analyzed. Surgical repairs were sutureless (n = 30) or pericardial patch reconstruction (n = 1). Mean follow-up was 4.28 ± 4.2 years. In-hospital mortality was 9.7%; unadjusted survival was 75% ± 7%, 69% ± 8%, and 64% ± 7% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Median downstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area was 163 mm(2)/m(2), upstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area was 263 mm(2)/m(2), and total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area at maximal stenosis, localized at the left atrial junction in approximately two thirds of patients, was 163 mm(2)/m(2). Smaller upstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area (P = .030) and greater number of stenotic pulmonary veins (P = .0069) were associated with increased early (<1 year) risk of death. Smaller downstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area tended to be associated with a late risk of death (P = .059). CONCLUSIONS: Smaller upstream or downstream total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area negatively influenced survival. Early survival seemed especially poor for patients with a greater number of stenotic veins and upstream pulmonary vein involvement. The total cross-sectional area indexed for body surface area measurements can help to inform prognosis and stratify patients for enrollment in clinical trials of agents directed at pulmonary vein pathology.
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