| Literature DB >> 26474787 |
Roman Hobza1,2, Zdenek Kubat3, Radim Cegan3, Wojciech Jesionek3, Boris Vyskot3, Eduard Kejnovsky4.
Abstract
Structurally and functionally diverged sex chromosomes have evolved in many animals as well as in some plants. Sex chromosomes represent a specific genomic region(s) with locally suppressed recombination. As a consequence, repetitive sequences involving transposable elements, tandem repeats (satellites and microsatellites), and organellar DNA accumulate on the Y (W) chromosomes. In this paper, we review the main types of repetitive elements, their gathering on the Y chromosome, and discuss new findings showing that not only accumulation of various repeats in non-recombining regions but also opposite processes form Y chromosome. The aim of this review is also to discuss the mechanisms of repetitive DNA spread involving (retro) transposition, DNA polymerase slippage or unequal crossing-over, as well as modes of repeat removal by ectopic recombination. The intensity of these processes differs in non-recombining region(s) of sex chromosomes when compared to the recombining parts of genome. We also speculate about the relationship between heterochromatinization and the formation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes.Keywords: microsatellites; recombination; repetitive sequences; sex chromosomes; tandem repeats (satellites); transposable elements
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Year: 2015 PMID： 26474787 DOI： 10.1007/s10577-015-9496-2
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Chromosome Res ISSN： 0967-3849 Impact factor: 5.239