André Jakob1, Jane Whelan, Matthaeus Kordecki, Reinhard Berner, Brigitte Stiller, Raoul Arnold, Rudiger von Kries, Elena Neumann, Nicholas Roubinis, Mirna Robert, Jochen Grohmann, René Höhn, Markus Hufnagel. 1. From the *Department of Congenital Heart Defects, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; †Novartis Pharma BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ‡Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; §Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; ¶Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian's University Munich, München, Germany; and ‖Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: National estimates of Kawasaki disease (KD) incidence often do not include incomplete cases (diagnosed based on only laboratory or echocardiographic criteria), and/or they rely on retrospective case reports and data registries where underreporting is known to be a problem. METHODS: We conducted a prospective nationwide KD surveillance study in children younger than 5 years through the hospital-based German Pediatric Surveillance Unit (ESPED). We accounted for underreporting through applying capture-recapture methodology in 2 federal states using hospital discharge records with KD International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision code (ie, M30.3). KD diagnosis (complete and incomplete) was established according to the American Heart Association criteria, 2004. RESULTS: Incidence of KD, corrected for underreporting, was 7.2 of 100,000 in children younger than 5 years in Germany. Underreporting to ESPED was estimated at 37%-44%. Overall, 315 validated KD cases were reported. Of the 64 (20%) incomplete cases, 58% (37/64) were detected through echocardiographic findings and 42% (27/64) through laboratory criteria alone. Incomplete cases were younger than complete cases (1.2 vs. 2.0 years, P = 0.0001) and had more coronary aneurysms (43% vs. 11%, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of incomplete KD cases were diagnosed based on the laboratory and echocardiographic criteria only. This was particularly the case in relation to infants younger than 1 year-an age group known to have an increased risk of developing coronary aneurysms. In addition, we found a high rate of underreporting to national Pediatric Surveillance Units. We suggest that improved surveillance and development of better diagnostic tests remain a high priority.
BACKGROUND: National estimates of Kawasaki disease (KD) incidence often do not include incomplete cases (diagnosed based on only laboratory or echocardiographic criteria), and/or they rely on retrospective case reports and data registries where underreporting is known to be a problem. METHODS: We conducted a prospective nationwide KD surveillance study in children younger than 5 years through the hospital-based German Pediatric Surveillance Unit (ESPED). We accounted for underreporting through applying capture-recapture methodology in 2 federal states using hospital discharge records with KD International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision code (ie, M30.3). KD diagnosis (complete and incomplete) was established according to the American Heart Association criteria, 2004. RESULTS: Incidence of KD, corrected for underreporting, was 7.2 of 100,000 in children younger than 5 years in Germany. Underreporting to ESPED was estimated at 37%-44%. Overall, 315 validated KD cases were reported. Of the 64 (20%) incomplete cases, 58% (37/64) were detected through echocardiographic findings and 42% (27/64) through laboratory criteria alone. Incomplete cases were younger than complete cases (1.2 vs. 2.0 years, P = 0.0001) and had more coronary aneurysms (43% vs. 11%, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of incomplete KD cases were diagnosed based on the laboratory and echocardiographic criteria only. This was particularly the case in relation to infants younger than 1 year-an age group known to have an increased risk of developing coronary aneurysms. In addition, we found a high rate of underreporting to national Pediatric Surveillance Units. We suggest that improved surveillance and development of better diagnostic tests remain a high priority.
Authors: André Jakob; Eva Schachinger; Simon Klau; Anja Lehner; Sarah Ulrich; Brigitte Stiller; Barbara Zieger Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2019-11-23 Impact factor: 3.183
Authors: Emelia J Benjamin; Michael J Blaha; Stephanie E Chiuve; Mary Cushman; Sandeep R Das; Rajat Deo; Sarah D de Ferranti; James Floyd; Myriam Fornage; Cathleen Gillespie; Carmen R Isasi; Monik C Jiménez; Lori Chaffin Jordan; Suzanne E Judd; Daniel Lackland; Judith H Lichtman; Lynda Lisabeth; Simin Liu; Chris T Longenecker; Rachel H Mackey; Kunihiro Matsushita; Dariush Mozaffarian; Michael E Mussolino; Khurram Nasir; Robert W Neumar; Latha Palaniappan; Dilip K Pandey; Ravi R Thiagarajan; Mathew J Reeves; Matthew Ritchey; Carlos J Rodriguez; Gregory A Roth; Wayne D Rosamond; Comilla Sasson; Amytis Towfighi; Connie W Tsao; Melanie B Turner; Salim S Virani; Jenifer H Voeks; Joshua Z Willey; John T Wilkins; Jason Hy Wu; Heather M Alger; Sally S Wong; Paul Muntner Journal: Circulation Date: 2017-01-25 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Leyre Riancho-Zarrabeitia; Domingo F Rasilla; Dominic Royé; Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe; Ana Santurtún Journal: Rheumatol Int Date: 2018-05-30 Impact factor: 2.631
Authors: S M Dietz; D van Stijn; D Burgner; M Levin; I M Kuipers; B A Hutten; T W Kuijpers Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2017-06-27 Impact factor: 3.183
Authors: Chaw-Liang Chang; Chih-Shung Wong; Yi-Chen Yang; Nan-Chang Chiu Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-04-25 Impact factor: 3.390