Tali Czarnowicki1, Dana Malajian2, Saakshi Khattri3, Joel Correa da Rosa4, Riana Dutt3, Robert Finney5, Nikhil Dhingra6, Peng Xiangyu3, Hui Xu3, Yeriel D Estrada6, Xiuzhong Zheng1, Patricia Gilleaudeau1, Mary Sullivan-Whalen1, Mayte Suaréz-Fariñas7, Avner Shemer8, James G Krueger1, Emma Guttman-Yassky9. 1. Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. 2. Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY. 3. Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. 4. Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY. 5. Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. 6. Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. 7. Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Genetics and Genomics Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. 8. Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel. 9. Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Electronic address: eguttman@rockefeller.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Petrolatum is a common moisturizer often used in the prevention of skin infections after ambulatory surgeries and as a maintenance therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the molecular responses induced by petrolatum in the skin have never been assessed. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the cutaneous molecular and structural effects induced by petrolatum. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy subjects and 13 patients with moderate AD (mean SCORAD score, 39) were studied by using RT-PCR, gene arrays, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence performed on control skin, petrolatum-occluded skin, and skin occluded with a Finn chamber only. RESULTS: Significant upregulations of antimicrobial peptides (S100A8/fold change [FCH], 13.04; S100A9/FCH, 11.28; CCL20/FCH, 8.36; PI3 [elafin]/FCH, 15.40; lipocalin 2/FCH, 6.94, human β-defensin 2 [DEFB4A]/FCH, 4.96; P < .001 for all) and innate immune genes (IL6, IL8, and IL1B; P < .01) were observed in petrolatum-occluded skin compared with expression in both control and occluded-only skin. Application of petrolatum also induced expression of key barrier differentiation markers (filaggrin and loricrin), increased stratum corneum thickness, and significantly reduced T-cell infiltrates in the setting of "normal-appearing" or nonlesional AD skin, which is known to harbor barrier and immune defects. CONCLUSIONS: Petrolatum robustly modulates antimicrobials and epidermal differentiation barrier measures. These data shed light on the beneficial molecular responses of petrolatum in barrier-defective states, such as AD and postoperative wound care.
BACKGROUND: Petrolatum is a common moisturizer often used in the prevention of skin infections after ambulatory surgeries and as a maintenance therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the molecular responses induced by petrolatum in the skin have never been assessed. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the cutaneous molecular and structural effects induced by petrolatum. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy subjects and 13 patients with moderate AD (mean SCORAD score, 39) were studied by using RT-PCR, gene arrays, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence performed on control skin, petrolatum-occluded skin, and skin occluded with a Finn chamber only. RESULTS: Significant upregulations of antimicrobial peptides (S100A8/fold change [FCH], 13.04; S100A9/FCH, 11.28; CCL20/FCH, 8.36; PI3 [elafin]/FCH, 15.40; lipocalin 2/FCH, 6.94, human β-defensin 2 [DEFB4A]/FCH, 4.96; P < .001 for all) and innate immune genes (IL6, IL8, and IL1B; P < .01) were observed in petrolatum-occluded skin compared with expression in both control and occluded-only skin. Application of petrolatum also induced expression of key barrier differentiation markers (filaggrin and loricrin), increased stratum corneum thickness, and significantly reduced T-cell infiltrates in the setting of "normal-appearing" or nonlesional AD skin, which is known to harbor barrier and immune defects. CONCLUSIONS: Petrolatum robustly modulates antimicrobials and epidermal differentiation barrier measures. These data shed light on the beneficial molecular responses of petrolatum in barrier-defective states, such as AD and postoperative wound care.
Authors: Adam Ponedal; Shengshuang Zhu; Anthony J Sprangers; Xiao-Qi Wang; David C Yeo; Daniel C S Lio; Mengjia Zheng; Matthew Capek; Suguna P Narayan; Brian Meckes; Amy S Paller; Chenjie Xu; Chad A Mirkin Journal: ACS Appl Bio Mater Date: 2020-11-13
Authors: Shuai Xu; Michael Kwa; Mary E Lohman; Rachel Evers-Meltzer; Jonathan I Silverberg Journal: JAMA Dermatol Date: 2017-11-01 Impact factor: 10.282
Authors: Wendy F Davidson; Donald Y M Leung; Lisa A Beck; Cecilia M Berin; Mark Boguniewicz; William W Busse; Talal A Chatila; Raif S Geha; James E Gern; Emma Guttman-Yassky; Alan D Irvine; Brian S Kim; Heidi H Kong; Gideon Lack; Kari C Nadeau; Julie Schwaninger; Angela Simpson; Eric L Simpson; Jonathan M Spergel; Alkis Togias; Ulrich Wahn; Robert A Wood; Judith A Woodfolk; Steven F Ziegler; Marshall Plaut Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2019-01-09 Impact factor: 10.793