K Mitrakul1, Y Asvanund1, M Arunakul2, S Paka-Akekaphat3. 1. Assistant professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand. 2. Professor and Director of the Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand. 3. Paediatric dentist, Amnaj-chareon Province, Thailand.
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effect of Audiovisual (AV) eyeglasses on pain and anxiety levels during restorative treatment in 5-8 year-olds Thai children. STUDY DESIGN:Forty-two children with bilateral carious molars were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups according to the sequence of AV eyeglasses used. Group I was a group which received treatment without wearing AV eyeglasses in the first visit and wearing the eyeglasses in a second visit. Group II was vice versa. Treatments were done in 2 visits, 1 to 4 weeks apart. Self-reporting pain using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), face, legs, activity, crying and consolability scale (FLACC) and heart rate (HR), were measured to assess pain and anxiety levels, respectively. Besides baseline, all variables were measured at the following periods: 1) pre-operation, 2) rubber dam placement, 3) the first use of high speed hand piece, and 4) five minutes interval during the remaining treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in gender (p=0.204) and treatment arch (p=0.292) using Chi-square test at p<0.05, previous dental experience (p=0.381) and treatment received (p=0.835) using Fisher's exact test at p<0.05, age (p=0.384, T-test at p<0.05), and treatment time (1st visit: p=0.465, 2nd visit: p=0.89, Mann- Whitney U test at p<0.05) between 2 groups. AV eyeglasses effectively reduced HR in pre-operation (p=0.043, T test at p<0.05) and FLACC scores in pre-operation (p=0.018, Mann-Whitney U test at p<0.05) and during the first use of high speed hand piece (p=0.047, Mann-Whitney U test at p<0.05). However, HR were decreased during rubber dam placement (p=0.002, T test at p<0.0), the first use of high speed hand piece (p=0.049, T test at p<0.05) and during remaining treatment (p=0.035, T test at p<0.05) in second visit as compared with the first visit with or without wearing the eyeglasses. CONCLUSION: AV eyeglasses successfully reduced HR and physical distress during pre-operation and the first use of high speed hand piece. It could be used as an adjunctive distraction technique during dental treatment in children.
RCT Entities:
AIM: To evaluate the effect of Audiovisual (AV) eyeglasses on pain and anxiety levels during restorative treatment in 5-8 year-olds Thai children. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-two children with bilateral carious molars were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups according to the sequence of AV eyeglasses used. Group I was a group which received treatment without wearing AV eyeglasses in the first visit and wearing the eyeglasses in a second visit. Group II was vice versa. Treatments were done in 2 visits, 1 to 4 weeks apart. Self-reporting pain using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), face, legs, activity, crying and consolability scale (FLACC) and heart rate (HR), were measured to assess pain and anxiety levels, respectively. Besides baseline, all variables were measured at the following periods: 1) pre-operation, 2) rubber dam placement, 3) the first use of high speed hand piece, and 4) five minutes interval during the remaining treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in gender (p=0.204) and treatment arch (p=0.292) using Chi-square test at p<0.05, previous dental experience (p=0.381) and treatment received (p=0.835) using Fisher's exact test at p<0.05, age (p=0.384, T-test at p<0.05), and treatment time (1st visit: p=0.465, 2nd visit: p=0.89, Mann- Whitney U test at p<0.05) between 2 groups. AV eyeglasses effectively reduced HR in pre-operation (p=0.043, T test at p<0.05) and FLACC scores in pre-operation (p=0.018, Mann-Whitney U test at p<0.05) and during the first use of high speed hand piece (p=0.047, Mann-Whitney U test at p<0.05). However, HR were decreased during rubber dam placement (p=0.002, T test at p<0.0), the first use of high speed hand piece (p=0.049, T test at p<0.05) and during remaining treatment (p=0.035, T test at p<0.05) in second visit as compared with the first visit with or without wearing the eyeglasses. CONCLUSION: AV eyeglasses successfully reduced HR and physical distress during pre-operation and the first use of high speed hand piece. It could be used as an adjunctive distraction technique during dental treatment in children.
Authors: Nansi López-Valverde; Jorge Muriel Fernández; Antonio López-Valverde; Luis F Valero Juan; Juan Manuel Ramírez; Javier Flores Fraile; Julio Herrero Payo; Leticia A Blanco Antona; Bruno Macedo de Sousa; Manuel Bravo Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2020-04-05 Impact factor: 4.241