Mengyin Yao1, Felix J Elling2, CarriAyne Jones3, Sulung Nomosatryo4, Christopher P Long5, Sean A Crowe6, Maciek R Antoniewicz5, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs2, Julia A Maresca1. 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. 2. Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28334, Bremen, Germany. 3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. 4. Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, West Java, 16911, Indonesia. 5. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. 6. Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Earth, Ocean, and Atmosphere Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Abstract
Heterotrophic Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were isolated from Lake Matano, Indonesia, a stratified, ferruginous (iron-rich), ultra-oligotrophic lake with phosphate concentrations below 50 nM. Here, we describe the growth of eight strains of heterotrophic bacteria on a variety of soluble and insoluble sources of phosphorus. When transferred to medium without added phosphorus (P), the isolates grow slowly, their RNA content falls to as low as 1% of cellular dry weight, and 86-100% of the membrane lipids are replaced with amino- or glycolipids. Similar changes in lipid composition have been observed in marine photoautotrophs and soil heterotrophs, and similar flexibility in phosphorus sources has been demonstrated in marine and soil-dwelling heterotrophs. Our results demonstrate that heterotrophs isolated from this unusual environment alter their macromolecular composition, which allows the organisms to grow efficiently even in their extremely phosphorus-limited environment.
Heterotrophic Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were isolated from Lake pan class="Chemical">Matano, Indonesia, a stratified, ferruginous (iron-rich), ultra-oligotrophic lake with phosphate concentrations below 50 nM. Here, we describe the growth of eight strains of heterotrophic bacteria on a variety of soluble and insoluble sources of phosphorus. When transferred to medium without added phosphorus (P), the isolates grow slowly, their RNA content falls to as low as 1% of cellular dry weight, and 86-100% of the membrane lipids are replaced with amino- or glycolipids. Similar changes in lipid composition have been observed in marine photoautotrophs and soil heterotrophs, and similar flexibility in phosphorus sources has been demonstrated in marine and soil-dwelling heterotrophs. Our results demonstrate that heterotrophs isolated from this unusual environment alter their macromolecular composition, which allows the organisms to grow efficiently even in their extremely phosphorus-limited environment.
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