Angela Kong1, Joanna Buscemi2, Melinda R Stolley3, Linda A Schiffer4, Yoonsang Kim5, Carol L Braunschweig6, Sandra L Gomez-Perez7, Lara B Blumstein4, Linda Van Horn8, Alan R Dyer8, Marian L Fitzgibbon9. 1. Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: akong@uic.edu. 2. Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Cancer Education and Career Development Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 3. Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 4. Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 5. Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 6. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 7. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Cancer Education and Career Development Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 8. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 9. Institute of Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The preschool years provide a unique window of opportunity to intervene on obesity-related lifestyle risk factors during the formative years of a child's life. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a preschool-based obesity prevention effectiveness trial at 1-year follow-up. DESIGN: RCT. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS: Primarily African American children (aged 3-5 years, N=618) attending Head Start preschool programs administered by Chicago Public Schools. METHODS:Eighteen preschools were randomly assigned in 2007-2008 to receive either (1) a 14-week teacher-delivered intervention focused on healthy lifestyle behaviors or (2) a 14-week teacher-delivered general health curriculum (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome, BMI, was measured at baseline, postintervention, and 1-year follow-up. Diet and screen time behaviors were also assessed at these time points. Multilevel mixed effects models were used to test for between-group differences. Data were analyzed in 2014. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences were observed in diet, but not in BMI z-score or screen time at 1-year follow-up. Diet differences favored the intervention arm over controls in overall diet quality (p=0.02) and in subcomponents of diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005, and in fruit intake (servings/day, excludes juice) (p=0.02). Diet quality worsened more among controls than the intervention group at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation of Hip-Hop to Health Jr. produced modest benefits in diet quality but did not significantly impact weight gain trajectory. Not unlike other effectiveness trials, this real-world version delivered by Head Start teachers produced fewer benefits than the more rigorous efficacy trial. It is important to understand and build upon the lessons learned from these types of trials so that we can design, implement, and disseminate successful evidence-based programs more widely and effectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00241878.
RCT Entities:
INTRODUCTION: The preschool years provide a unique window of opportunity to intervene on obesity-related lifestyle risk factors during the formative years of a child's life. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a preschool-based obesity prevention effectiveness trial at 1-year follow-up. DESIGN: RCT. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS: Primarily African American children (aged 3-5 years, N=618) attending Head Start preschool programs administered by Chicago Public Schools. METHODS: Eighteen preschools were randomly assigned in 2007-2008 to receive either (1) a 14-week teacher-delivered intervention focused on healthy lifestyle behaviors or (2) a 14-week teacher-delivered general health curriculum (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome, BMI, was measured at baseline, postintervention, and 1-year follow-up. Diet and screen time behaviors were also assessed at these time points. Multilevel mixed effects models were used to test for between-group differences. Data were analyzed in 2014. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences were observed in diet, but not in BMI z-score or screen time at 1-year follow-up. Diet differences favored the intervention arm over controls in overall diet quality (p=0.02) and in subcomponents of diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005, and in fruit intake (servings/day, excludes juice) (p=0.02). Diet quality worsened more among controls than the intervention group at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation of Hip-Hop to Health Jr. produced modest benefits in diet quality but did not significantly impact weight gain trajectory. Not unlike other effectiveness trials, this real-world version delivered by Head Start teachers produced fewer benefits than the more rigorous efficacy trial. It is important to understand and build upon the lessons learned from these types of trials so that we can design, implement, and disseminate successful evidence-based programs more widely and effectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00241878.
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