John R Eisenbrey1, Annemarie Daecher2, Michael R Kramer2, Flemming Forsberg2. 1. Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (J.R.E., A.D., M.R.K., F.F.); Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania USA (A.D.); and School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (M.R.K.). john.eisenbrey@jefferson.edu. 2. Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (J.R.E., A.D., M.R.K., F.F.); Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania USA (A.D.); and School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (M.R.K.).
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate effects of needle and catheter size on in vitro ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) enhancement and concentrations using 4 commercially available UCAs. METHODS: Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA), Optison (GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ), SonoVue (Bracco SA, Geneva, Switzerland), and Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) were investigated. The UCA was injected via a 1-mL syringe (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ) into a 3-way stopcock (Smith Medical, Dublin, OH) and flushed with 10 mL of saline through an 18-cm infusion extension tube connected to either a 16-, 18-, 20-, 22-, or 24-gauge catheter (BD) or an 18-, 20-, 21-, or 25-gauge needle (BD). In vitro enhancement was determined in a flow phantom (ATS Laboratories, Bridgeport, CT), and microbubble concentrations were determined using an LSRII flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). RESULTS: Significant decreases in enhancement and microbubble concentrations were observed for all 4 UCAs (P < .001) when administration was performed through a 25-gauge needle. No statistically significant differences in enhancement or concentrations were observed between all catheter sizes and 18- to 21-gauge needles for SonoVue and Sonazoid. Definity and Optison administration through a 24-gauge catheter resulted in a significant loss of enhancement (P < .02), although these differences were not significant on flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of commercial UCAs in a clinical scenario is possible with catheters or needles smaller than 20 gauge, although the minimal allowable size appears to be UCA specific.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate effects of needle and catheter size on in vitro ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) enhancement and concentrations using 4 commercially available UCAs. METHODS: Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA), Optison (GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ), SonoVue (Bracco SA, Geneva, Switzerland), and Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) were investigated. The UCA was injected via a 1-mL syringe (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ) into a 3-way stopcock (Smith Medical, Dublin, OH) and flushed with 10 mL of saline through an 18-cm infusion extension tube connected to either a 16-, 18-, 20-, 22-, or 24-gauge catheter (BD) or an 18-, 20-, 21-, or 25-gauge needle (BD). In vitro enhancement was determined in a flow phantom (ATS Laboratories, Bridgeport, CT), and microbubble concentrations were determined using an LSRII flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). RESULTS: Significant decreases in enhancement and microbubble concentrations were observed for all 4 UCAs (P < .001) when administration was performed through a 25-gauge needle. No statistically significant differences in enhancement or concentrations were observed between all catheter sizes and 18- to 21-gauge needles for SonoVue and Sonazoid. Definity and Optison administration through a 24-gauge catheter resulted in a significant loss of enhancement (P < .02), although these differences were not significant on flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of commercial UCAs in a clinical scenario is possible with catheters or needles smaller than 20 gauge, although the minimal allowable size appears to be UCA specific.
Authors: Vasileios Rafailidis; Annamaria Deganello; Tom Watson; Paul S Sidhu; Maria E Sellars Journal: Br J Radiol Date: 2016-09-26 Impact factor: 3.039
Authors: Michael R Kramer; Nishi Bhagat; Susan J Back; Laura Poznick; Flemming Forsberg; Kassa Darge; John R Eisenbrey Journal: Pediatr Radiol Date: 2017-09-11
Authors: Anush Sridharan; John R Eisenbrey; Maria Stanczak; Priscilla Machado; Daniel A Merton; Annina Wilkes; Alexander Sevrukov; Haydee Ojeda-Fournier; Robert F Mattrey; Kirk Wallace; Flemming Forsberg Journal: Acad Radiol Date: 2019-12-16 Impact factor: 3.173