J Olazarán1, M C Hoyos-Alonso2, T del Ser3, A Garrido Barral4, J L Conde-Sala5, F Bermejo-Pareja6, S López-Pousa7, D Pérez-Martínez8, A Villarejo-Galende6, J Cacho9, E Navarro10, A Oliveros-Cid11, J Peña-Casanova12, C Carnero-Pardo13. 1. Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España. 2. Centro de Salud Pedro Laín Entralgo, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Alcorcón, Madrid, España. 3. Centro Alzheimer Fundación Reina Sofía-Fundación CIEN, Madrid, España. 4. Centro de Salud Universitario Barrio del Pilar, Unidad Docente Norte, Madrid, España. 5. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. 6. Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España. 7. Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, España; Unidad de Valoración de la Memoria y Demencias, Instituto de Asistencia Sanitaria, Salt, Girona, España. 8. Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, España. 9. Unidad de Demencia, Hospital de la Santísima Trinidad, Salamanca, España. 10. Sección de Neurología, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, España. 11. Departamento de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Reina Sofía, Tudela, Navarra, España. 12. Sección de Neurología de la Conducta y Demencias, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España. 13. Unidad de Neurología Cognitiva y Conductual, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España; FIDYAN Neurocenter, Granada, España. Electronic address: ccarnero@neurocenter.es.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Brief cognitive tests (BCT) may help detect cognitive impairment (CI) in the clinical setting. Several BCT have been developed and/or validated in our country, but we lack specific recommendations for use. DEVELOPMENT: Review of studies on the diagnostic accuracy of BCT for CI, using studies conducted in Spain with BCT which take less than 20 min. We provide recommendations of use based on expert consensus and established on the basis of BCT characteristics and study results. CONCLUSION: The Fototest, the Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are the preferred options in primary care; other BCT (Clock Drawing Test [CDT], test of verbal fluency [TVF]) may also be administered in cases of negative results with persistent suspected CI or concern (stepwise approach). In the specialised care setting, a systematic assessment of the different cognitive domains should be conducted using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the MMSE, the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment, the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, or by means of a stepwise or combined approach involving more simple tests (CDT, TVF, Fototest, MIS, Memory Alteration Test, Eurotest). Associating an informant questionnaire (IQ) with the BCT is superior to the BCT alone for the detection of CI. The choice of instruments will depend on the patient's characteristics, the clinician's experience, and available time. The BCT and IQ must reinforce - but never substitute - clinical judgment, patient-doctor communication, and inter-professional dialogue.
INTRODUCTION: Brief cognitive tests (BCT) may help detect cognitive impairment (CI) in the clinical setting. Several BCT have been developed and/or validated in our country, but we lack specific recommendations for use. DEVELOPMENT: Review of studies on the diagnostic accuracy of BCT for CI, using studies conducted in Spain with BCT which take less than 20 min. We provide recommendations of use based on expert consensus and established on the basis of BCT characteristics and study results. CONCLUSION: The Fototest, the Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are the preferred options in primary care; other BCT (Clock Drawing Test [CDT], test of verbal fluency [TVF]) may also be administered in cases of negative results with persistent suspected CI or concern (stepwise approach). In the specialised care setting, a systematic assessment of the different cognitive domains should be conducted using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the MMSE, the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment, the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, or by means of a stepwise or combined approach involving more simple tests (CDT, TVF, Fototest, MIS, Memory Alteration Test, Eurotest). Associating an informant questionnaire (IQ) with the BCT is superior to the BCT alone for the detection of CI. The choice of instruments will depend on the patient's characteristics, the clinician's experience, and available time. The BCT and IQ must reinforce - but never substitute - clinical judgment, patient-doctor communication, and inter-professional dialogue.
Authors: J Zugic Soares; R Pettersen; J Saltyte Benth; A B Knapskog; G Selbæk; N Bogdanovic Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2019 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: María Del Canto de Hoyos Alonso; Ana Gorroñogoitia Iturbe; Iñaki Martín Lesende; José Miguel Baena Díez; Jesús López-Torres Hidalgo; Purificación Magán Tapia; Miguel Ángel Acosta Benito; Yolanda Herreros Herreros Journal: Aten Primaria Date: 2018-05 Impact factor: 1.137