David P Sheppard1, Steven Paul Woods1,2, Mark W Bondi3,4, Paul E Gilbert5, Paul J Massman1, Katie L Doyle6. 1. a Department of Psychology , The University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA. 2. b Department of Psychiatry , The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California , San Diego , CA , USA. 3. c Psychology Service , VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA. 4. d Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA. 5. e Department of Psychology , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA , USA. 6. f SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego , CA , USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the combined effects of age and HIV infection on the risk of incident neurocognitive disorders. METHOD: A total of 146 neurocognitively normal participants were enrolled at baseline into one of four groups based on age (≤ 40 years and ≥ 50 years) and HIV serostatus resulting in 24 younger HIV-, 27 younger HIV+, 39 older HIV-, and 56 older HIV+ individuals. All participants were administered a standardized clinical neuropsychological battery at baseline and 14.3 ± .2 months later. RESULTS: A logistic regression predicting incident neurocognitive disorders from HIV, age group, and their interaction was significant (χ(2)[4] = 13.56, p = .009), with a significant main effect of HIV serostatus (χ(2)[1] = 5.01, p = .025), but no main effect of age or age by HIV interaction (ps > .10). Specifically, 15.7% of the HIV+ individuals had an incident neurocognitive disorder as compared to 3.2% of the HIV- group (odds ratio = 4.8 [1.2, 32.6]). Among older HIV+ adults, lower baseline cognitive reserve, prospective memory, and verbal fluency each predicted incident neurocognitive disorders at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Independent of age, HIV infection confers a nearly fivefold risk for developing a neurocognitive disorder over approximately one year. Individuals with lower cognitive reserve and mild weaknesses in higher-order neurocognitive functions may be targeted for closer clinical monitoring and preventative measures.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the combined effects of age and HIV infection on the risk of incident neurocognitive disorders. METHOD: A total of 146 neurocognitively normal participants were enrolled at baseline into one of four groups based on age (≤ 40 years and ≥ 50 years) and HIV serostatus resulting in 24 younger HIV-, 27 younger HIV+, 39 older HIV-, and 56 older HIV+ individuals. All participants were administered a standardized clinical neuropsychological battery at baseline and 14.3 ± .2 months later. RESULTS: A logistic regression predicting incident neurocognitive disorders from HIV, age group, and their interaction was significant (χ(2)[4] = 13.56, p = .009), with a significant main effect of HIV serostatus (χ(2)[1] = 5.01, p = .025), but no main effect of age or age by HIV interaction (ps > .10). Specifically, 15.7% of the HIV+ individuals had an incident neurocognitive disorder as compared to 3.2% of the HIV- group (odds ratio = 4.8 [1.2, 32.6]). Among older HIV+ adults, lower baseline cognitive reserve, prospective memory, and verbal fluency each predicted incident neurocognitive disorders at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Independent of age, HIV infection confers a nearly fivefold risk for developing a neurocognitive disorder over approximately one year. Individuals with lower cognitive reserve and mild weaknesses in higher-order neurocognitive functions may be targeted for closer clinical monitoring and preventative measures.
Authors: Lucette A Cysique; Scott L Letendre; Christopher Ake; Hua Jin; Donald R Franklin; Saurabh Gupta; Chuan Shi; Xin Yu; Zunyou Wu; Ian S Abramson; Igor Grant; Robert K Heaton Journal: AIDS Date: 2010-04-24 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Samantha A Molsberry; Fabrizio Lecci; Lawrence Kingsley; Brian Junker; Sandra Reynolds; Karl Goodkin; Andrew J Levine; Eileen Martin; Eric N Miller; Cynthia A Munro; Ann Ragin; Ned Sacktor; James T Becker Journal: AIDS Date: 2015-03-27 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Steven Paul Woods; Erin E Morgan; Matthew Dawson; J Cobb Scott; Igor Grant Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Date: 2006-08 Impact factor: 2.475
Authors: Igor Grant; Donald R Franklin; Reena Deutsch; Steven P Woods; Florin Vaida; Ronald J Ellis; Scott L Letendre; Thomas D Marcotte; J H Atkinson; Ann C Collier; Christina M Marra; David B Clifford; Benjamin B Gelman; Justin C McArthur; Susan Morgello; David M Simpson; John A McCutchan; Ian Abramson; Anthony Gamst; Christine Fennema-Notestine; Davey M Smith; Robert K Heaton Journal: Neurology Date: 2014-05-09 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Pariya L Fazeli; Steven Paul Woods; Robert K Heaton; Anya Umlauf; Ben Gouaux; Debra Rosario; Raeanne C Moore; Igor Grant; David J Moore Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2014-02-20 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: Daniel M Forton; Gavin Hamilton; Joanna M Allsop; Vijay P Grover; Keith Wesnes; Catherine O'Sullivan; Howard C Thomas; Simon D Taylor-Robinson Journal: J Hepatol Date: 2008-04-25 Impact factor: 25.083
Authors: Steven Paul Woods; Jennifer E Iudicello; Lisa M Moran; Catherine L Carey; Matthew S Dawson; Igor Grant Journal: Neuropsychology Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Gunes Avci; David P Sheppard; Savanna M Tierney; Victoria M Kordovski; Kelli L Sullivan; Steven Paul Woods Journal: Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2017-09-27 Impact factor: 3.535
Authors: David E Vance; Leah H Rubin; Victor Valcour; Drenna Waldrop-Valverde; Pauline M Maki Journal: Curr HIV/AIDS Rep Date: 2016-12 Impact factor: 5.071
Authors: Savanna M Tierney; Romola S Bucks; Michael Weinborn; Erica Hodgson; Steven Paul Woods Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Date: 2016-02-23 Impact factor: 2.475
Authors: Victoria M Kordovski; Kelli L Sullivan; Savanna M Tierney; Steven Paul Woods Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Date: 2019-11-07 Impact factor: 2.475
Authors: Bianca Christensen; Zijian Qin; Desiree A Byrd; Fang Yu; Susan Morgello; Benjamin B Gelman; David J Moore; Igor Grant; Elyse J Singer; Howard S Fox; Lorena Baccaglini Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2017-04-10 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: David R Goulding; Andrew Kraft; Peter R Mouton; Christopher A McPherson; Valeria Avdoshina; Italo Mocchetti; G Jean Harry Journal: Neurotox Res Date: 2019-07-08 Impact factor: 3.911
Authors: Savanna M Tierney; David P Sheppard; Victoria M Kordovski; Marika P Faytell; Gunes Avci; Steven Paul Woods Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2017-01-20 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: Eva M Müller-Oehring; Rosemary Fama; Taylor F Levine; Cheshire Hardcastle; Ryan Goodcase; Talora Martin; Varsha Prabhakar; Helen M Brontë-Stewart; Kathleen L Poston; Edith V Sullivan; Tilman Schulte Journal: J Neuropsychol Date: 2020-10-08 Impact factor: 2.864