Wolfgang Bernhard1, Marco Raith2, Vera Koch2, Christoph Maas2, Harald Abele3, Christian F Poets2, Axel R Franz2,4. 1. Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. wolfgang.bernhard@med.uni-tuebingen.de. 2. Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. 3. Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany. 4. Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Docosahexaenoic (C22:6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), essential to fetal development, and preferentially transported by plasma phospholipids. OBJECTIVE: To characterize fetal and maternal plasma phospholipid changes during gestation, and to investigate whether LC-PUFA phospholipid profiles are associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). DESIGN: Cord plasma and parturient serum from N = 108 pregnancies [24-42 week postmenstrual age (PMA)] were collected. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry. PMA-associated changes were quantified, and break point analyses served to describe nonlinear changes during gestation. RESULTS: PC and PE were lower in cord than in parturient samples. In parturients, PC decreased until 33 week PMA, but then re-increased, whereas in cord plasma, concentrations linearly decreased. Fetal PC and PC sub-group values correlated with maternal values. C20:4-PC was twofold higher in cord than in maternal samples throughout gestation. C22:6-PC values, however, exceeded maternal values only beyond 33 week PMA. Consequently, early preterm C20:4-PC-to-C22:6-PC ratio largely exceeded term infant values. In infants born before 28 week PMA, a low C20:4-PC-to-C22:6-PC ratio was associated with BPD severity. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal plasma LC-PUFA-PC composition correlates with maternal values. Fetal C20:4-PC exceeds maternal values throughout gestation, whereas C22:6-PC exceeds maternal values only beyond 33 week PMA, resulting in a low fetal C20:4-PC/C22:6-PC ratio only toward end gestation. A low C20:4-PC/C22:6-PC ratio before 28 week PMA is associated with BPD severity. These data point to a concept of PMA-adjusted ARA and DHA supplementation and, potentially, cord plasma phospholipid analysis for BPD prediction.
BACKGROUND:Docosahexaenoic (C22:6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), essential to fetal development, and preferentially transported by plasma phospholipids. OBJECTIVE: To characterize fetal and maternal plasma phospholipid changes during gestation, and to investigate whether LC-PUFAphospholipid profiles are associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). DESIGN: Cord plasma and parturient serum from N = 108 pregnancies [24-42 week postmenstrual age (PMA)] were collected. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry. PMA-associated changes were quantified, and break point analyses served to describe nonlinear changes during gestation. RESULTS:PC and PE were lower in cord than in parturient samples. In parturients, PC decreased until 33 week PMA, but then re-increased, whereas in cord plasma, concentrations linearly decreased. Fetal PC and PC sub-group values correlated with maternal values. C20:4-PC was twofold higher in cord than in maternal samples throughout gestation. C22:6-PC values, however, exceeded maternal values only beyond 33 week PMA. Consequently, early preterm C20:4-PC-to-C22:6-PC ratio largely exceeded term infant values. In infants born before 28 week PMA, a low C20:4-PC-to-C22:6-PC ratio was associated with BPD severity. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal plasma LC-PUFA-PC composition correlates with maternal values. Fetal C20:4-PC exceeds maternal values throughout gestation, whereas C22:6-PC exceeds maternal values only beyond 33 week PMA, resulting in a low fetal C20:4-PC/C22:6-PC ratio only toward end gestation. A low C20:4-PC/C22:6-PC ratio before 28 week PMA is associated with BPD severity. These data point to a concept of PMA-adjusted ARA and DHA supplementation and, potentially, cord plasma phospholipid analysis for BPD prediction.
Entities:
Keywords:
Arachidonic acid; Docosahexaenoic acid; Fetal development; LC-PUFA; Linoleic acid; Phosphatidylcholine; Phosphatidylethanolamine; Plasma phospholipids; Tandem mass spectrometry
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