| Literature DB >> 26313432 |
Cibeli Fernandes Coura1, Patrícia Cláudia Modesto1.
Abstract
We aimed to identify the late effects of radiation exposure in pediatric cancer survivors. An integrated literature review was performed in the databases MEDLINE and LILACS and SciELO. Included were articles in Portuguese and English, published over the past 10 years, using the following keywords: "neoplasias/neoplasms" AND "radioterapia/radiotherapy" AND "radiação/radiation". After analysis, 14 articles - published in nine well-known journals - met the inclusion criteria. The publications were divided into two categories: "Late endocrine effects" and "Late non-endocrine effects". Considering the increased survival rates in children who had cancer, the impact of late effects of exposure to radiation during radiological examinations for diagnosis and treatment was analyzed. Childhood cancer survivors were exposed to several late effects and should be early and regularly followed up, even when exposed to low radiation doses.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2015 PMID: 26313432 PMCID: PMC4872922 DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RW3102
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Description of categories
| Category | Number of publications |
|---|---|
| Endocrine late effects | 7 |
| Non-endocrine late effects | 10 |
| Total | 17 |
Description of the articles
| Author | Title | Type of study | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bonato et al.(3) | [Thyroid disorders associated with external radiation in children and adolescents] | Literature review | Radiation exposure in children resulting from radiation-based diagnostic exams caused hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer |
| Couto-Silva et al.(4) | [Endocrine sequelae after RT in childhood and adolescent cancer] | Literature review | High doses of radiation caused growth hormone deficiency, obesity, hypothyroidism, gonadal dysfunction and marked height deficit |
| Armstrong et al.(6) | Long-term effects of radiation exposure among adult survivors of childhood cancer: results from the childhood cancer survivor study | Longitudinal retrospective review | RT was associated with increased risk of late mortality, neoplasms, obesity, lung dysfunction, heart failure and hypothyroidism |
| Cheuk et al.(7) | Prognostic factors and long-term outcomes of childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Retrospective review | Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received RT >30 Gy for the primary tumor developed subsequent neoplasms and morbidities |
| Bhatti et al.(8) | Risk of second primary thyroid cancer after radiotherapy for a childhood cancer in a large cohort study: an update from the childhood cancer survivor study | Longitudinal retrospective cohort | The risk of a second primary thyroid cancer in survivors of childhood cancer increased with radiation doses up to 20 Gy, with with a 14-times-higher peak relative risk |
| Meacham et al.(11) |
| Longitudinal retrospective cohort | Three types of RT (TBI, abdominal and cranial) were compared in association with |
| Wallace(12) | Oncofertility and preservation of reproductive capacity in children and young adults. | Retrospective review | Children exposed to total body irradiation (TBI), abdominal radiation or pelvic radiation showed impaired fertility in both genders |
| Grewal et al.(13) | Auditory late effects of childhood cancer therapy: a report from the children’s Oncology Group | Systematic review | High-dose cranial RT resulted in ototoxicity, impairing quality of life in children |
| Motosue et al.(15) | Pulmonary function after whole lung irradiation in pediatric patients with solid malignancies | Longitudinal retrospective review | Lung irradiation caused pulmonary complications, and patients treated with radiation impulses had increased morbidity and metastasis |
| Jones et al.(17) | Renal late effects in patients treated for cancer in childhood: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group | Systematic review | Subjects treated with radiation for childhood cancer were at risk for kidney failure. Doses >20 Gy resulted in kidney disease |
| Ritchey et al.(18) | Late effects on the urinary bladder in patients treated for cancer in childhood: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group | Retrospective literature review | High-dose radiation in the pelvic region increased the risk of bladder function abnormalities such as hemorrhagic cystitis, fibrosis and neurogenic bladder |
| Taylor et al.(19) | Population-based risks of CNS tumors in survivors of childhood cancer: the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study | Longitudinal retrospective cohort | Increased risk of a second primary tumor in the central nervous system was demonstrated after exposure to radiation in meningeal tissues |
| Kleinerman(20) | Cancer risks following diagnostic and therapeutic radiation exposure in children | Retrospective review | Exposure to multiple imaging exams increased the risk of cancer in children due to the radiation inherent to the procedure |
| Pearce et al.(21) | Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study | Observational retrospective cohort | The use of CT scan in children accumulated radiation doses of 50 Gy, which could triple the risk of leukemia, and doses of 60 Gy which could triple the risk of brain cancer |
RT: radiation therapy; TBI: total body irradiation; CT scan: computed tomography scan ; CNS: central nervous system.
Descrição das categorias
| Categoria | Número de publicações |
|---|---|
| Efeitos tardios endócrinos | 7 |
| Efeitos tardios não endócrinos | 10 |
| Total | 17 |
Descrição dos artigos
| Autor | Título | Tipo de estudo | Resultados |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bonato et al.(3) | Alterações tireoidianas associadas à radiação externa em crianças e adolescente | Revisão de literatura | A exposição de crianças à radiação, oriunda de exames radiodiagnósticos, causou hipotireoidismo e câncer de tireoide |
| Couto-Silva et al.(4) | Sequelas endócrinas da RT no tratamento do câncer na infância e adolescência | Revisão de literatura | Altas doses de radiação causaram deficiência de hormônio do crescimento, obesidade, hipotireoidismo, disfunção gonadal e perda acentuada da estatura |
| Armstrong et al.(6) |
| Revisão retrospectiva longitudinal | A RT esteve associada com o aumento do risco de mortalidade tardia, neoplasias, obesidade, disfunção pulmonar, insuficiência cardíaca e hipotireoidismo |
| Cheuk et al.(7) |
| Revisão retrospectiva | Pacientes com carcinoma nasofaríngeo que receberam RT >30 Gy para o tumor primário desenvolveram neoplasia subsequente e morbidades |
| Bhatti et al.(8) |
| Coorte retrospectivo longitudinal | O risco de um segundo câncer primário de tireoide em sobreviventes de câncer na infância aumentou com dose de radiação até 20 Gy, com risco relativo com pico 14 vezes maior |
| Meacham et al.(11) |
| Coorte retrospectiva longitudinal | Foram comparados três tipos de RT (ICT, abdominal e craniana) associados ao |
| Wallace(12) |
| Revisão retrospectiva | Crianças expostas a ICT, ou abdominal, ou pélvica tiveram a fertilidade prejudicada em ambos os sexos |
| Grewal et al.(13) |
| Revisão sistemática | A RT craniana em altas doses resultou em ototoxicidade, prejudicando a qualidade de vida em crianças |
| Motosue et al.(15) |
| Revisão retrospectiva longitudinal | A irradiação no pulmão trouxe complicações pulmonares, e quem recebeu impulsos de radiação teve aumento de morbidade e metástase |
| Jones et al.(17) |
| Revisão sistemática | Indivíduos tratados de câncer na infância com radiação tiveram risco de insuficiência renal. Doses >20 Gy resultaram em nefropatia |
| Ritchey et al.(18) |
| Revisão de literatura retrospectiva | Altas doses da radiação na região pélvica aumentaram o risco de anormalidades na função da bexiga como cistite hemorrágica, fibrose e bexiga neurogênica |
| Taylor et al.(19) |
| Coorte retrospectiva longitudinal | O aumento do risco de um segundo tumor primário no sistema nervoso central foi demonstrado após exposição à radiação nos tecidos da meninge |
| Kleinerman(20) |
| Revisão retrospectiva | A exposição a múltiplos exames de imagens aumentou o risco de câncer em crianças, associada à radiação vinda desse procedimento |
| Pearce et al.(21) |
| Coorte retrospectivo observacional | O uso de TCs em crianças acumulou doses de radiação de 50 Gy, podendo triplicar o risco de leucemia, e doses de 60 Gy pode triplicar o risco de câncer no cérebro |