Michael L Jackson1, Lisa A Jackson2, Burney Kieke3, David McClure3, Manjusha Gaglani4, Kempapura Murthy4, Ryan Malosh5, Arnold Monto5, Richard K Zimmerman6, Ivo M Foppa7, Brendan Flannery8, Mark G Thompson8. 1. Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States. Electronic address: jackson.ml@ghc.org. 2. Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States. 3. Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, United States. 4. Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States. 5. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. 6. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. 7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Batelle, Atlanta, GA, United States. 8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We estimated the burden of outpatient influenza and cases prevented by vaccination during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 influenza seasons using data from the United States Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (US Flu VE) Network. METHODS: We defined source populations of persons who could seek care for acute respiratory illness (ARI) at each of the five US Flu VE Network sites. We identified all members of the source population who were tested for influenza during US Flu VE influenza surveillance. Each influenza-positive subject received a sampling weight based on the proportion of source population members who were tested for influenza, stratified by site, age, and other factors. We used the sampling weights to estimate the cumulative incidence of medically attended influenza in the source populations. We estimated cases averted by vaccination using estimates of cumulative incidence, vaccine coverage, and vaccine effectiveness. RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of medically attended influenza ranged from 0.8% to 2.8% across sites during 2011/2012 and from 2.6% to 6.5% during the 2012/2013 season. Stratified by age, incidence ranged from 1.2% among adults 50 years of age and older in 2011/2012 to 10.9% among children 6 months to 8 years of age in 2012/2013. Cases averted by vaccination ranged from 4 to 41 per 1000 vaccinees, depending on the study site and year. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of medically attended influenza varies greatly by year and even by geographic region within the same year. The number of cases averted by vaccination varies greatly based on overall incidence and on vaccine coverage.
BACKGROUND: We estimated the burden of outpatientinfluenza and cases prevented by vaccination during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 influenza seasons using data from the United States Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (US Flu VE) Network. METHODS: We defined source populations of persons who could seek care for acute respiratory illness (ARI) at each of the five US Flu VE Network sites. We identified all members of the source population who were tested for influenza during US Flu VE influenza surveillance. Each influenza-positive subject received a sampling weight based on the proportion of source population members who were tested for influenza, stratified by site, age, and other factors. We used the sampling weights to estimate the cumulative incidence of medically attended influenza in the source populations. We estimated cases averted by vaccination using estimates of cumulative incidence, vaccine coverage, and vaccine effectiveness. RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of medically attended influenza ranged from 0.8% to 2.8% across sites during 2011/2012 and from 2.6% to 6.5% during the 2012/2013 season. Stratified by age, incidence ranged from 1.2% among adults 50 years of age and older in 2011/2012 to 10.9% among children 6 months to 8 years of age in 2012/2013. Cases averted by vaccination ranged from 4 to 41 per 1000 vaccinees, depending on the study site and year. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of medically attended influenza varies greatly by year and even by geographic region within the same year. The number of cases averted by vaccination varies greatly based on overall incidence and on vaccine coverage.
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