L L N Husemoen1, J F Ebstrup1, E L Mortensen2,3, P Schwarz4,5, T Skaaby1, B H Thuesen1, T Jørgensen1,3,6, A Linneberg1,3,7. 1. Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. 2. Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 3. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4. Research Centre for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Department of Medicine M, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6. Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark. 7. Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D receptors and vitamin D-metabolising enzymes are present in the brain and in the central nervous system at sites responsible for the regulation of emotions and behaviour. This raises the hypothesis that low vitamin D is related to poor mental health. Our aim was to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the self-reported symptoms and diagnosis of depression and anxiety in the adult general population. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: Serum 25(OH)D was measured in three Danish population-based studies, including 5308 adults aged 18-64 years. After 5 years, 2004 participants were re-examined. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Symptom Check List (SCL)-90-R, and self-reported doctor-diagnosed depression and anxiety was recorded by using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with SCL average scores for depression and anxiety when analysed by quantile median regression adjusted for sex, age and other potential confounders. The β-coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) per 10 nmol/l serum 25(OH)D were 0.00 (-0.00 to 0.01) and P=0.23 for depression and -0.00 (-0.01 to 0.00) and P=0.19 for anxiety. Furthermore, no evidence of an association was observed with longitudinal changes (combining depression and anxiety score: β (95% CI)=0.00 (-0.00 to 0.00), P=0.90), with scores >90 percentiles (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)=1.02 (0.98-1.07), P=0.32), or with self-reported history (OR (95% CI)=1.02 (0.97-1.07), P=0.47) or incidence (OR (95% CI)=1.02 (0.92-1.12), P=0.77) of doctor-diagnosed depression and/or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that low serum 25(OH)D is not associated with self-reported symptoms/diagnosis of depression and anxiety.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES:Vitamin D receptors and vitamin D-metabolising enzymes are present in the brain and in the central nervous system at sites responsible for the regulation of emotions and behaviour. This raises the hypothesis that low vitamin D is related to poor mental health. Our aim was to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the self-reported symptoms and diagnosis of depression and anxiety in the adult general population. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: Serum 25(OH)D was measured in three Danish population-based studies, including 5308 adults aged 18-64 years. After 5 years, 2004 participants were re-examined. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Symptom Check List (SCL)-90-R, and self-reported doctor-diagnosed depression and anxiety was recorded by using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with SCL average scores for depression and anxiety when analysed by quantile median regression adjusted for sex, age and other potential confounders. The β-coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) per 10 nmol/l serum 25(OH)D were 0.00 (-0.00 to 0.01) and P=0.23 for depression and -0.00 (-0.01 to 0.00) and P=0.19 for anxiety. Furthermore, no evidence of an association was observed with longitudinal changes (combining depression and anxiety score: β (95% CI)=0.00 (-0.00 to 0.00), P=0.90), with scores >90 percentiles (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI)=1.02 (0.98-1.07), P=0.32), or with self-reported history (OR (95% CI)=1.02 (0.97-1.07), P=0.47) or incidence (OR (95% CI)=1.02 (0.92-1.12), P=0.77) of doctor-diagnosed depression and/or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that low serum 25(OH)D is not associated with self-reported symptoms/diagnosis of depression and anxiety.
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