Seleipiri Akobo1, Elias Rizk2, Marios Loukas1, Jens R Chapman3, Rod J Oskouian4, R Shane Tubbs5. 1. Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada. 2. Neurological Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. 3. Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. 4. Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. 5. Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. shane.tubbs@childrensal.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The odontoid process is a critical component of the cranio-cervical junction. Therefore, clinicians who diagnose, treat, or operate this region need a strong background in regard to the embryology, anatomy, and anatomical variations that may be seen for the odontoid process. METHODS: A literature review was performed, using standard search engines, to explore the morphology, embryology, and anatomical variants of the odontoid process. CONCLUSIONS: A sound understanding of the development of the odontoid process, both in normal and in variant forms, as well as its phenotypical morphology is a prerequisite for the diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with disorders affecting the cranio-cervical spine.
BACKGROUND: The odontoid process is a critical component of the cranio-cervical junction. Therefore, clinicians who diagnose, treat, or operate this region need a strong background in regard to the embryology, anatomy, and anatomical variations that may be seen for the odontoid process. METHODS: A literature review was performed, using standard search engines, to explore the morphology, embryology, and anatomical variants of the odontoid process. CONCLUSIONS: A sound understanding of the development of the odontoid process, both in normal and in variant forms, as well as its phenotypical morphology is a prerequisite for the diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with disorders affecting the cranio-cervical spine.
Authors: R Shane Tubbs; Christoph J Griessenauer; Philipp Hendrix; Peter Oakes; Marios Loukas; Joshua J Chern; Curtis J Rozzelle; W Jerry Oakes Journal: Clin Anat Date: 2015-05-14 Impact factor: 2.414
Authors: A K Singh; Z Fulton; R Tiwari; X Zhang; L Lu; W B Altmeyer; B Tantiwongkosi Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2017-10-05 Impact factor: 3.825