Elina G Wirz1, Veronika K Jaeger2, Yannick Allanore3, Gabriela Riemekasten4, Eric Hachulla5, Oliver Distler6, Paolo Airò7, Patricia E Carreira8, Mohammed Tikly9, Serena Vettori10, Alexandra Balbir Gurman11, Nemanja Damjanov12, Ulf Müller-Ladner13, Jörg Distler14, Mangtao Li15, Peter Häusermann16, Ulrich A Walker2. 1. Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 2. Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 3. Department of Rheumatology A, Paris Descartes University, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France. 4. Department of Rheumatology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Claude Huriez, University Lille, Lille Cedex, France. 6. Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 7. Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Service, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy. 8. Servicio de Reumatologia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. 9. Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 10. Rheumatology Department, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. 11. B. Shine Rheumatology Unit, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. 12. Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia. 13. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany. 14. Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. 15. Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. 16. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To longitudinally map the onset and identify risk factors for skin sclerosis and digital ulcers (DUs) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) from an early time point after the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in the European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) cohort. METHODS: 695 patients with SSc with a baseline visit within 1 year after RP onset were followed in the prospective multinational EUSTAR database. During the 10-year observation period, cumulative probabilities of cutaneous lesions were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. RESULTS: The median modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) peaked 1 year after RP onset, and was 15 points. The 1-year probability to develop an mRSS ≥2 in at least one area of the arms and legs was 69% and 25%, respectively. Twenty-five per cent of patients developed diffuse cutaneous involvement in the first year after RP onset. This probability increased to 36% during the subsequent 2 years. Only 6% of patients developed diffuse cutaneous SSc thereafter. The probability to develop DUs increased to a maximum of 70% at the end of the 10-year observation. The main factors associated with diffuse cutaneous SSc were the presence of anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibodies, followed by antitopoisomerase autoantibodies and male sex. The main factor associated with incident DUs was the presence of antitopoisomerase autoantibodies. CONCLUSION: Early after RP onset, cutaneous manifestations exhibit rapid kinetics in SSc. This should be accounted for in clinical trials aiming to prevent skin worsening. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
OBJECTIVES: To longitudinally map the onset and identify risk factors for skin sclerosis and digital ulcers (DUs) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) from an early time point after the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in the European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) cohort. METHODS: 695 patients with SSc with a baseline visit within 1 year after RP onset were followed in the prospective multinational EUSTAR database. During the 10-year observation period, cumulative probabilities of cutaneous lesions were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. RESULTS: The median modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) peaked 1 year after RP onset, and was 15 points. The 1-year probability to develop an mRSS ≥2 in at least one area of the arms and legs was 69% and 25%, respectively. Twenty-five per cent of patients developed diffuse cutaneous involvement in the first year after RP onset. This probability increased to 36% during the subsequent 2 years. Only 6% of patients developed diffuse cutaneous SSc thereafter. The probability to develop DUs increased to a maximum of 70% at the end of the 10-year observation. The main factors associated with diffuse cutaneous SSc were the presence of anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibodies, followed by antitopoisomerase autoantibodies and male sex. The main factor associated with incident DUs was the presence of antitopoisomerase autoantibodies. CONCLUSION: Early after RP onset, cutaneous manifestations exhibit rapid kinetics in SSc. This should be accounted for in clinical trials aiming to prevent skin worsening. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
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