Dienke J Bos1, Jessica Merchán-Naranjo2, Kenia Martínez3, Laura Pina-Camacho4, Ivan Balsa5, Leticia Boada2, Hugo Schnack6, Bob Oranje6, Manuel Desco7, Celso Arango2, Mara Parellada2, Sarah Durston6, Joost Janssen8. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.j.bos-2@umcutrecht.nl. 2. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain; Ciber del area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid. 3. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain. 4. Ciber del area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. 5. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. 7. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain; Ciber del area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. 8. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain; Ciber del area de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with atypical cortical gray and subcortical white matter development. Neurodevelopmental theories postulate that a relation between cortical maturation and structural brain connectivity may exist. We therefore investigated the development of gyrification and white matter connectivity and their relationship in individuals with ASD and their typically developing peers. METHOD: T1- and diffusion-weighted images were acquired from a representative sample of 30 children and adolescents with ASD (aged 8-18 years), and 29 typically developing children matched for age, sex, hand preference, and socioeconomic status. The FreeSurfer suite was used to calculate cortical volume, surface area, and gyrification index. Measures of structural connectivity were estimated using probabilistic tractography and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). RESULTS: Left prefrontal and parietal cortex showed a relative, age-dependent decrease in gyrification index in children and adolescents with ASD compared to typically developing controls. This result was replicated in an age-and IQ-matched sample provided by the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) initiative. Furthermore, tractography and TBSS showed a complementary pattern in which left prefrontal gyrification was negatively related to radial diffusivity in the forceps minor in participants with ASD. CONCLUSION: The present study builds on earlier findings of abnormal gyrification and structural connectivity in the prefrontal cortex in ASD. It provides a more comprehensive neurodevelopmental characterization of ASD, involving interdependent changes in microstructural white and cortical gray matter. The findings of related abnormal patterns of gyrification and white matter connectivity support the notion of the intertwined development of 2 major morphometric domains in ASD.
OBJECTIVE:Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been associated with atypical cortical gray and subcortical white matter development. Neurodevelopmental theories postulate that a relation between cortical maturation and structural brain connectivity may exist. We therefore investigated the development of gyrification and white matter connectivity and their relationship in individuals with ASD and their typically developing peers. METHOD: T1- and diffusion-weighted images were acquired from a representative sample of 30 children and adolescents with ASD (aged 8-18 years), and 29 typically developing children matched for age, sex, hand preference, and socioeconomic status. The FreeSurfer suite was used to calculate cortical volume, surface area, and gyrification index. Measures of structural connectivity were estimated using probabilistic tractography and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). RESULTS: Left prefrontal and parietal cortex showed a relative, age-dependent decrease in gyrification index in children and adolescents with ASD compared to typically developing controls. This result was replicated in an age-and IQ-matched sample provided by the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) initiative. Furthermore, tractography and TBSS showed a complementary pattern in which left prefrontal gyrification was negatively related to radial diffusivity in the forceps minor in participants with ASD. CONCLUSION: The present study builds on earlier findings of abnormal gyrification and structural connectivity in the prefrontal cortex in ASD. It provides a more comprehensive neurodevelopmental characterization of ASD, involving interdependent changes in microstructural white and cortical gray matter. The findings of related abnormal patterns of gyrification and white matter connectivity support the notion of the intertwined development of 2 major morphometric domains in ASD.
Authors: Abigail Dickinson; Kandice J Varcin; Mustafa Sahin; Charles A Nelson; Shafali S Jeste Journal: Autism Res Date: 2019-08-16 Impact factor: 5.216
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